* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Genetics
Gene therapy of the human retina wikipedia , lookup
Transposable element wikipedia , lookup
Genetically modified crops wikipedia , lookup
Behavioural genetics wikipedia , lookup
Oncogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases wikipedia , lookup
Heritability of IQ wikipedia , lookup
Copy-number variation wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Pharmacogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Essential gene wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of diabetes Type 2 wikipedia , lookup
Gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Pathogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Gene nomenclature wikipedia , lookup
Gene desert wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Dominance (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Ridge (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Genetics Basic rules… Lots of info is being researched by the Human Genome Project…. • Genetics ~ the study of traits or genes that are passed from parent to offspring • Each parent gives 1 gene to the child for a total of 2 genes per trait Ex: hair color: B from mom + B from dad BB for child Blood type: A from mom + B from dad AB for child http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Hum an_Genome/posters/chromosome/chooser. shtml • Dominant ~ the gene that “shows up”, or takes over (dominates) • Recessive ~ the gene that does not “show up”, or is hidden. Unless there are 2 of them together. Ex: eye color Dominant: Brown (B) Recessive: Blue (b) http://faculty.southwest.tn.edu/jiwilliams/Hu man_Traits.htm BB - brown bb - blue Bb - brown • Genotype: genetic make up of a trait; gene pair (2 letters that represent genes) • You receive 1 gene from each parent for a total of two genes per trait Ex: AA Bb tt • Phenotype: physical appearance, as a result of the gene pair (genotype) Ex: type A blood Type B blood Brown hair blue eyes Genotypes vocabulary: • Heterozygous – a gene pair with two different genes; one dominant and one recessive Ex: Aa, Rr, Bb, Pp • Hybrid – a synonym for heterozygous Ex: Aa, Rr, Bb, Pp • Homozygous – a gene pair with two of the same genes; either 2 recessives, or 2 dominants Ex: aa, AA, RR, rr • Pure – a synonym for homozygous Ex: aa, AA, RR, rr • Writing a key: for each genetics problem, start by writing the key for the traits. You ALWAYS use the letter of the dominant trait for both dominant and recessives. Ex: Trait: Yellow – dominant key: Y – yellow Green – recessive y- green • Punnett Square ~ a tool used to determine probability of offspring traits 1. Put mom’s 2 genes in the spaces on top of the square (1 gene over each square) 2. Put dad’s 2 genes in the spaces along the side of the square (1 gene next to each square) 3. Bring down the genes in mom’s column 1 to both squares underneath, then column 2 to both squares underneath 4. Bring over the genes in dad’s column 1 to both squares next to it, then column 2 to both squares next to it. Punnett Square practice B – black fur (dominate) b – brown fur (recessive) B B Mom’s genotype: BB phenotype: black Dad’s Genotype: Bb phenotype: black Possible offspring: Genotype: _BB____ % __50_____ __Bb___ % __50 ___ __bb___ % ___0____ Phenotype: black___ % ___100_____ brown___ % ____0____