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Transcript
GENETICS AND HEREDITY TAYLOR SCIENCE 2013-2014 Name: ____________________________ Block: _______ WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GENETICS AND HEREDITY? Genetics is …………… The study of how genetic material is passed on or inherited. Heredity is ………. The passing of genetic material from parent to offspring. GENETIC MATERIAL: Contains the genes that code for inherited traits Stored in the nucleus of an organisms cells Organized into chromosomes Carried by DNA 2. 3. 4. 1. What is DNA? DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid It is a type of macromolecule (see pyramid), known as nucleic acid. Levels of Organization: smallest to largest DNA CONTINUED… Its shape is described as a spiral staircase, double helix, or twisted ladder The Backbone or “Handrail” of DNA is a sugar-phosphate bond. It provides support for the “steps” or base pairs. The base pairs or “Steps” are made up of four nitrogen bases; Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine “Steps” contain genes WHAT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GENES AND DNA? DNA Carries the trait from parent to offspring Gene Genes Expresses or codes for the trait. ALLELES: DIFFERENT FORMS OF A GENE A GENE CONTAINS 2 ALLELES Dominant Allele The trait that appeared the most. Can be dominant Can be recessive Ex. B, E Recessive RecessiveAllele Allele The trait that appeared the least. This overshadowed when paired with dominant trait. Ex. b, e, GENOTYPE AND PHENOTYPE Genotype Combination of alleles an offspring get from its parents. Phenotype Describes the physical appearance of an organism. Ex. Purple flower, white flower, green leaf, etc. FORMS OF Homozygous Two matching alleles 2 dominant or 2 recessive alleles.. EE or ee GENOTYPES Heterozygous Two different alleles One dominant allele and one recessive allele. Ee or Aa CHARACTERISTICS AND TRAITS Characteristic A feature that has different forms. Ex. Hair color, eye color, skin tone, etc. Trait Traits Describes the feature of an organism. Red hair, blue eyes, brown skin, etc.
