* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Introduction to Genetics
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Ridge (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Human genetic variation wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Metabolic network modelling wikipedia , lookup
Pharmacogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Heritability of IQ wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Polymorphism (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Behavioural genetics wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Human leukocyte antigen wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Medical genetics wikipedia , lookup
Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup
Population genetics wikipedia , lookup
Genetic drift wikipedia , lookup
Hardy–Weinberg principle wikipedia , lookup
Introduction to Genetics Heredity Also know as Biological inheritance. It is the key to differences between species. The branch of biology that studies heredity is called Genetics. History of Heredity Gregor Mendel- Monk who worked with pea plants to better understand heredity, sometimes referred to as the father of modern genetics, came up with Principle of Dominance. The principle of dominance states that some alleles are dominant and some are recessive. The dominant allele is seen when in combination with itself or a recessive allele. The recessive allele is never seen when in combination with the dominant, it is only seen with in combination with itself. This doesn’t apply to all genes. Definitions of Mendel’s Work Purebred- Produces offspring identical to the parent. Trait- Easily observable characteristic (shape, color, size, etc.) Hybrids- Organism produces by crossing parents with differing characteristics. Gene- Factor that controls traits. Alleles- The different forms of a gene. Definitions of Segregation Phenotype- Physical characteristic of an organism, the visible expression of an allele. Genotype- Genetic makeup of an organism, the actually allele combination. Homozygous- An organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait. Heterozygous- An organism that has two different alleles for a particular trait. Segregation We use a Punnett Square to visualize and predict the outcome of crossings. Punnett squares are used to predict the probability of a cross without actually crossing organisms. – Single Factor – Double Factor Segregation- The separation of alleles during gamete formation. The Two-Factor Crosses on Punnett Squares If two genes are connected in some way then the dominant alleles and recessive alleles will be segregated as matched sets into gametes. If genes are not connected then they should segregate independently or undergo Independent Assortment. Probability- The likelihood that a particular event can occur.