Download DNA Technology Notes (13.1 & 13.2)

Chapter 13
Genetics and Biotechnology
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
Georgia State Standard
 SB2f – Examine the use of DNA technology
in forensics, medicine, & agriculture.
Chapter 13
Genetics and Biotechnology
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
Precursors: Selective Breeding
 The process by which ____________ traits of
certain plants and animals are selected and passed
on to their future generations is called
____________ ____________.
Saint Bernard
Rescue dog
Husky
Sled dog
German shepherd
Service dog
Chapter 13
Genetics and Biotechnology
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
Precursors: Inbreeding
 The process in which two ____________
____________organisms are bred to have
the desired traits and to eliminate the
undesired ones in future generations
 ____________ breeds are ____________ by
inbreeding.
 A disadvantage of inbreeding is that
____________ recessive traits also can be
passed on to future generations.
 Ex: Dog breeds are kept pure by inbreeding
Chapter 13
Genetics and Biotechnology
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
Precursors: Test Cross
 A ____________
____________involves
breeding an organism
that has the
____________ genotype
with one that is
homozygous recessive
for the desired trait.
Chapter 13
Genetics and Biotechnology
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
Genetic Engineering
 Technology that involves ____________
the ____________ of one organism in order
to ____________ the DNA of ____________
organism, called exogenous DNA.
Chapter 13
Genetics and Biotechnology
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
Genetically engineered organisms are used
 to study the expression of a particular gene.
 to investigate cellular
processes.
 to study the
development of a
certain ____________.
Genetically engineered bollworm
 to select traits that might
be ____________ to
humans.
Chapter 13
Genetics and Biotechnology
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
DNA Tools
 An organism’s ____________ is the total
DNA in the nucleus of each cell.
 DNA tools can be used to manipulate DNA
and to isolate genes from the rest of the
genome.
Chapter 13
Genetics and Biotechnology
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
DNA Tools: ____________
____________
 recognize and bind to specific
DNA sequences and
____________ the DNA within
the sequence.
 Scientists use restriction enzymes as powerful
tools for ____________ specific genes or
regions of the genome.
Chapter 13
Genetics and Biotechnology
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
DNA Tools: Gel Electrophoresis
 An electric current is used to separate
DNA fragments according to the size of
the fragments in a process called
____________ ____________.
 When an electric current is applied, the DNA
fragments move toward the positive end of
the gel.
 The smaller fragments move farther faster
than the larger ones.
Chapter 13
Genetics and Biotechnology
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
Gel Electrophoresis Cont’d
 The unique pattern created
based on the size of the
DNA fragment can be
compared to known DNA
fragments for
____________ of people.
This is called
____________
____________.
Gel electrophoresis
DNA Fingerprinting Example
Chapter 13
Genetics and Biotechnology
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
DNA Tools: Recombinant DNA
 A newly generated DNA molecule with DNA from
different sources is called ____________
____________.
Chapter 13
Genetics and Biotechnology
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
Recombinant DNA Cont’d
 Recombinant DNA is used in ____________ to
mass produce human ____________ for diabetics
and to clean up ____________ ____________.
 Recombinant DNA is used in ____________ to
mass produce a human ____________ to treat
____________ ____________.
DNA Tools:
Used to __________ a DNA
sample for any scientific
investigation including
__________ analysis and
__________ testing
PCR takes
approximately _____
hours. This
automated process
bypasses the need
to use bacteria for
amplifying DNA.
DNA Tools: Cloning
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/cloning/clickandclone/
• Cloning - Using the DNA of one organism to create and
identical ____________
• Steps:
– Isolate ____________ cells (from who you will be
cloning)
– Remove ____________ from donor egg
– ____________ nucleus from donor cells into donor egg
– ____________ cell division
– ____________ embryo into surrogate mother
– ____________ organism will be born
Chapter 13
Genetics and Biotechnology
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
Transgenic Organisms
 Organisms that have been genetically
engineered by ____________ one or more
____________ from another organism.
Chapter 13
Genetics and Biotechnology
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
Transgenic Animals
 Scientists produce most transgenic animals
in laboratories for biological ____________,
often to study the function of different traits.
 Commonly used animals - Mice, fruit flies,
and the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans
Chapter 13
Genetics and Biotechnology
13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology
Transgenic Plants
 Biologists use DNA technology to produce
plants with many desirable traits.
 Genetically engineered cotton resists
____________ infestation of the bolls.
 Sweet-potato plants are resistant to a
____________ that could kill most of the
African harvest.
 Rice plants with increased iron and vitamins
could ____________ malnutrition.