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Basic Genetics Notes Inheritance • You get DNA from your parents • DNA is the instructions for your body • Get ½ of DNA from your mom • The other ½ of DNA comes from your dad Genes • A stretch of DNA that tells your body how to be. • You inherit your genes from your parents. • Genes are located on chromosomes • You have 23 pairs of chromosomes Phenotype • A trait or characteristic seen in an organism – There can be several versions (phenotypes) for the same trait – Phenotypes are usually expressed in words – Examples: brown eyes, blue eyes, green eyes Genotype • Represents the DNA that gives a trait – Use letters to represent the gene – Different letters are used for different genes. H = Hitchhiker’s thumb allele h = no hitchhiker’s thumb allele Alleles • Different versions of the same gene. – You have 2 copies of the same gene – One copy from Mom and one copy from Dad. – Alleles can either be dominant or recessive – You can get a dominant or a recessive from either parent Dominant Allele • A version of a gene that will appear in the phenotype (will rule over the other versions) – Capital Letters are used for dominant alleles – Example: • Purple flower allele (R) is dominant over white flower allele (r) • So the genotype of RR = purple flower Rr = purple flower Recessive Allele • A version of a gene that will only appear in the phenotype if both alleles are recessive – Use lower case letters – For a white flower to appear, the genotype must be (rr) Homozygous Genotype • When both alleles are either dominant (HH) or recessive (hh). “Homo-” means “the same”. Heterozygous Genotype • When one allele is dominant and the other is recessive (Hh). “Hetero” means “different”. Write the question. Answer in your own words. • • • • • • What does DNA do? Why do you have 2 alleles for every gene? How are genotypes and phenotypes different? What is a dominant allele? What is a recessive allele? How are homozygous and heterozygous different? When you are done, show me and I’ll give you the activity for today.