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Transcript
One-Gene-One-Enzyme, Pseudogenes & Common Ancestry The following animation is intended to show: 1. The one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis 2. How a mutation in one gene (probably in some early pre-primate) prevented the production of Vitamin C, explaining why all primates today require Vitamin C in their diets (not so with other mammals). 3. The GULO pseudogene evidence for the common ancestry of primates. 1 What’s a Pseudogene? A pseudogene is a DNA sequence that is nearly identical to that of a functional gene, but contains one or more mutations, making it non-functional. Much of the intron material in the genomes of organisms is composed of recognizable pseudogenes. 2 Pseudogenes and Vitamin C A Gene 1 Gene 2 GULO gene 3 Gene Enzyme 1 Enzyme 2 Gulo Enz3 Enzyme B C In most mammals Not so in primates… Vitamin C D Vitamin C Portion of Working GULO Gene in Rat: Matching GULO Pseudogenes in 4 Primates 3 Note Deletion Analysis • Any one of thousands of possible mutations in the several genes for a biochemical pathway could explain why a particular species fails to make a particular enzyme. • What does this suggest about the fact that Vitamin C production is blocked in several similar species by the exact same mutation in the Gulo gene? • Maybe common ancestry? 4 Vitamin C, GULO Pseudogenes & Primate Evolution 5 Note Simplification In this presentation, three adjacent DNA segments (genes) were shown as necessary for Vitamin C to be formed. In reality, there can be more genes (or fewer), and they may not be adjacent, or even in the same chromosome. 6 Pseudogenes: Vitamin C & Common Ancestry Animation by Larry Flammer ENSI webmaster 7
