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Molecular Genetics Thursday, March 16-12, 2010 Objectives State that genes are codes for proteins. Identify the parts of a nucleotide. Catalyst Widows peak is dominant to straight hairlines. Show the cross between two heterozygous widow’s peak parents. Find the genotype and phenotype ratios. Agenda The Big Picture Quiz-Quiz-Trade Punnett Review Transcription/Transl ation Independent Work Exit Question In The Beginning… Human beings have 23 pairs of chromosomes (one DNA is made up of two strands from mommy, one from daddy). Each of nucleotides in a double helix. chromosome is made Nucleotide: backbone (sugar and up of coiled DNA. phosphate) plus a base. A specific area of Genetic information is stored in chromosomethat codes for the anitrogenous bases. one trait is called gene. A T Chromosomes genes G C DNA Controls a Trait? How? Different alleles (versions) of genes code for different traits. We can predict what traits children will have if we know their parents’ alleles. A heterozygous free earlobe parent mates with a heterozygous free earlobe parent. How? Where? OK, so genes code for traits—but how do we get from a gene to a trait? Proteins! Proteins are the stuff that actually causes our hair to be blonde, eyes to be brown, skin to be dark, etc. Problem Chromosomes (genes) are in the nucleus. Proteins are made in the ribosome. OH NOES!!! The Solution X X X X X X X X X The Solution CGATTA GCUAAU GCU = Alanine AAU = Asparagine TRANSLATION: TRANSCRIPTION: Information in mRNA read DNA is iscopied one into codon mRNA(three nucleotides) a time. at mRNA is formed by tRNA brings the base correct complementary pairs amino acid, on the A U, T based A codon G sequence. C, C G Many amino acids = protein. The Central Dogma of Biology DNA Transcription RNA Protein Translation Quiz-Quiz-Trade Find a partner. Quiz them with your question on your notecard. If they can’t get it right, coach them (coaching is not telling them the answer!) Then your partner quizzes you. Once you have each successfully answered your question, trade your notecards. Then raise your hand. High-five someone with a raised hand. BAM! You’re now partners. Punnett Square Practice In lions, the allele for yellow eyes is dominant to the gene for brown eyes. Show a cross between a lion who is heterozygous and one who is homozygous recessive. What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios? Punnett Square Practice (whiteboard) In lions, the allele for yellow eyes is dominant to the gene for brown eyes. Show a cross between a lion who is heterozygous and one who is homozygous recessive. What are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios? Punnett Square Practice (whiteboard) In lions, the allele for yellow eyes is dominant to the gene for brown eyes. Nala has yellow eyes and Simba has brown eyes. Nala is heterozygous. What are the chances that they will have children who are homozygous dominant? Who have brown eyes? Punnnett Square Practice (Whiteboard) In lions, the allele for yellow eyes is dominant to the gene for brown eyes. Simba got his beautiful brown eyes from his parents Mufasa and Sarabi. However, both his parents had yellow eyes. Show that this is possible since both his parents are heterozygous. What were the chances that this was going to happen? TRANSCRIPTION and TRANSLATION SHOWDOWN In each of these, you have to take a segment of DNA and turn it into mRNA Showdown… AAGTACGTCATTCCGTAT Showdown… TACCATATTGGACAGAAA Showdown… TACGTTAATCAGAAATGT Go over blood typing problem on review sheet Questions 40,41,42. Independent Work Time Exit Questions What is ONE question you have about this unit? I will review the most common questions tomorrow before the unit test.