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CHAPTER 5 CELLULAR RESPIRATION P.129-142 DEFINITION DECOMPOSITION PATHWAY THAT PROVIDES THE ENERGY (ATP) CELLS NEED TO FUNCTION 2 TYPES (SEE P.1 OF PACKET) AEROBIC ANNAEROBIC AEROBIC IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN (GLYCOLYSIS, KREBS CYCLE, ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM OR ETS) GLUCOSE IS TRANSPORTED BY THE BLOODSTREAM TO OUR CELLS THE HORMONE ADRENALINE HELPS TO BREAK GLYCOGEN INTO GLUCOSE GLUCOSE + OXYGEN CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER + ENERGY (ATP) ANAEROBIC WITHOUT OXYGEN, GLYCOLYSIS AND FERMENTATION ALCOHOL SUCH AS IN WINE LACTIC ACID/LACTATE IN MUSCLES WHEN THERE IS INSUFFICIENT OXYGEN 3 MAIN STAGES OF AEROBIC RESPIRATION 1. 2. 3. Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain GLYCOLYSIS OCCURS IN CYTOPLASM (CYTOSOL) GLUCOSE BROKEN DOWN INTO 2 PYRUVATE (PYRUVIC ACID) 2 MOLECULES OF NADH ARE FORMED (FROM NAD+) 2 MOLECULES OF ATP ARE FORMED (4 PRODUCED MINUS 2 USED TO START THE PROCESS) KREBS CYCLE TAKES PLACE IN MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX DEALS WITH BREAKDOWN OF GLUCOSE INTO CARBON SKELETONS 1 MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE FORMS 2 PYRUVATE (PYRUVIC ACID) THROUGH GLYCOLYSIS PYRUVATE FORMS ACETYL CO-A TO START THE PROCESS PRODUCTS PRODUCED: 4CO2 , 6 NADH , 2 FADH2 , AND 2 ATP ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM TAKES PLACE IN THE CRISTAE OR INNER MEMBRANE OF THE MITOCHONDRIA 3 MAIN STEPS IN THE PROCESS 1. NADH AND FADH2 (FROM GLYCOLYSIS AND THE KREBS CYCLE) DONATE ELECTRONS AND H+ WHICH COMBINE WITH OXYGEN TO FORM WATER 2. ENERGY FROM THE ELECTRONS POWERS THE ACTIVE TRANSPORT OF H+ OUT OF THE MEMBRANE 3. WHEN H+ DIFFUSE BACK IN THROUGH ATP SYNTHASE, ATP IS PRODUCED (34 TOTAL) EACH NADH MOLECULE CAN DRIVE THE SYNTHESIS OF UP TO 3 ATP EACH FADH2 MOLECULE CAN DRIVE THE SYNTHESIS OF UP TO 2 ATP