Download 3.12 Translation

Translation

Catalyst:
Where
is DNA found? Where is RNA
found?
Why do we need RNA?
Convert this strand of DNA into RNA.
GACATTCAGAACAAG
Write in complete sentences!
Don’t talk during the Catalyst!
Objectives
By the end of today, SWBAT…
Describe how RNA is
translated into protein.
Central Dogma
DNA
Transcription
RNA
Protein
Translation

What the heck is going on in this picture?
Base Pairing
RNA
loves
U
USE THE DNA CODE PROVIDED TO MAKE
A COMPLEMENTARY DNA COPY
A A G T T C
G T T
T T C A A G C A A
A G C
T C
G
USE THE DNA CODE PROVIDED TO MAKE
A COMPLEMENTARY DNA COPY
C G T A A G T T C G T A
G C A T T C A A G C
A T
USE THE DNA CODE PROVIDED TO MAKE
A COMPLEMENTARY RNA COPY
U C G G A C A U C C G U
A G C C T G T A G G C
A
USE THE DNA CODE PROVIDED TO MAKE
A COMPLEMENTARY RNA COPY
U U A G G C
A U A G A U
A A T C C G T A T
C T
A
Homework: the Chart
DNA
# of strands
Nitrogenous bases used
Type of sugar in
backbone
2
ATGC
deoxyribose
RNA
1
AUGC
ribose
What does it do to
genetic
information?
Store it/hold it
Carry it to ribosomes
Is it made of
nucleotides?
yes
yes
Found in nucleus?
Cytoplasm?
Nucleus only
Complimentary strand to
DNA of
GATTACTACGA?
CTAATGATGCT
Complimentary strand to
DNA of
TTTAGGGCCCAT
AAATCCCGGGTA
Nucleus and cytoplasm
CUAAUGAUGCU
AAAUCCCGGGUA
Translation

Key Point #1:
 In
translation, ribosomes
read the information in
RNA.


Ribosomes read RNA three
bases at a time.
Each set of three is called a
codon.
The mRNA code

Key Point #2:
Each
codon is the instructions to
make one amino acid.
Amino acids are the building blocks for
proteins.
 One protein = a bunch of amino acids.

Translation
Table of CODONS
From your three letter codon, you can use this table to
figure out what amino acid it is.
Third Letter
Let’s Practice
Codon: UAC
 What is the amino acid?

Tyrosine!
STOP!

After a protein is done being made,
it needs to have a signal to stop
adding on more amino acids.
All
mRNA chains will end in a STOP
codon. This is the end of the protein.
Modeling Putting it all together

Change this DNA sequence into mRNA
CCATCGGGAACT
GGUAGCCCUUGA

Now split the mRNA into codons
GGU-AGC-CCU-UGA

Finally, make an amino acid sequence
Glycine-Serine-Proline-Stop
Look in your NOTES!
What is translation?

What the heck is going on in this picture?

What the heck is going on in this picture?
NOTES NOTES NOTES
What is a codon?
How many
nucleotides make
up a codon?
What do all mRNA
sequences end in?
What is an amino acid?
Make this DNA into a protein

Change this DNA sequence into mRNA
CACTGAGTGATC
GUGACUCACUAG

Now split the mRNA into codons
GUG-ACU-CAC-UAG

Finally, make an amino acid sequence
Valine-Threonine-Histidine-Stop
Codon Bingo



Look at your codon tables and put the 20 amino
acids in the spots. You will repeat .
I am going to call out codons.
If you get a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal row,
you win!
OH MAN THERE WAS A ROBBERY
But luckily they have some DNA
evidence.
 Weirdly, they asked me to get my
Biology class to solve it!
 Make sure you make a sketch of the
suspect! That jerk!

Exit Questions
What
does the process of
translation do?
Convert this strand of DNA to
an amino acid sequence.
AAACAAGCACCC
Write in complete sentences!
Don’t talk during the Exit Question!