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Cellular Energetics
Why are the absorption spectrum
for chlorophyll a and the action
spectrum for photosynthesis
different?
A. Green and yellow wavelengths
inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths.
B. Bright sunlight destroys photosynthetic pigments.
C. Oxygen given off during photosynthesis interferes
with the absorption of light.
D. Other pigments absorb light in addition to
chlorophyll a.
E. Aerobic bacteria take up oxygen which changes the
measurement of the rate of photosynthesis.
All of the following thermoregulations
occur when an endothermic organism
is decreasing its body temperature
EXCEPT
A. transfer of heat to the surrounding
environment via convection
B. nerve impulses to the blood vessels
C. reduced blood flow
D. transfer of heat to the surrounding
environment via radiation
E. vasodilation
The distance marked "Z”
represents
A. The activation energy
for A(g) + B(g) C(g) + D(g)
B. The heat of reaction energy
for A(g) + B(g) C(g) + D(g)
C. The activation energy
for C(g) + D(g) A(g) + B(g)
D. The heat of reaction
for C(g) + D(g) A(g) + B(g)
The reaction labeled B is
A. endergonic and catalyzed
B. endergonic and uncatalyzed
C. irreversible and spontaneous
D. exergonic and uncatalyzed
E. exergonic and catalyzed
The activation energy of the reverse
reaction is indicated by
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
Recall that the complete oxidation of a
mole of glucose releases 686 kcal of
energy (ΔG = -686 kcal/mol). The
phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP
stores approximately 7.3 kcal per mole
of ATP. Approximately what percentage
of the energy of glucose (C6H12O6) is
transferred to storage in ATP as a result
of the complete oxidation of glucose to
CO2 and water in cellular respiration?
A. 2% B. 4% C. 10% D. 25% E. 40%
The activation energy of the above
reaction is indicated by
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
In decreasing the energy of activation for a
given reaction, enzymes
A. increase the likelihood that the
molecules involved in the reaction will
collide and form products
B. decrease the likelihood that the
molecules involved in the reaction will
collide and form products
C. have no effect on the rate of product
formation in a given reaction.
D. increase the concentration of the
substrate
E. increase Ea for a given reaction
The structure of ATP most closely
resembles that of
A. acetylcholine
B. adenine nucleoside
C. glutamate
D. thymine nucleotide
E. norepinephrine
ATP serves as an effective energy transfer
molecule because of
A. the nature of the bonds existing
between adjacent phosphate groups
B. its release in response to the binding of
calcium ions to enzymes on the cell
membrane
C. its role in cytochrome activity during
the electron transport chain
D. its ability to be both consumed and
produced during glycolysis
E. its rapid production by the
mitochondria of prokaryotic cells
A chemical reaction would be
endothermic if the amount of free
energy of the products is
A. constant
B. the same as the activation energy
C. the same as that of the reactants
D. less than that of the reactants
E. more than that of the reactants
Which of the following best describes
the reason for the diffusion of solutes in
water?
A. Entropy
B. Countercurrent exchange
C. Endosymbiosis
D. Active transport
E. Bulk flow
How is the energy stored in food
molecules released and used to
synthesize ATP?
A. Relocation of electrons in redox
reactions.
B. Lysosomes degrade macromolecules
to release the stored energy.
C. Anabolic pathways.
D. Biosynthesis.
E. Rearrangement of the atoms that
constitute the food molecules.
In humans, the rate of glycolysis is
regulated by
A. negative feedback by excess ATP
B. negative feedback by insufficient
acetyl coA
C. positive feedback by pyruvate
deficiency
D. positive feedback by excess O2
E. positive feedback by excess
phosphofructokinase
In anaerobic respiration, ATP is formed
through
A. hydrolysis
B. enzyme-deficient anabolism
C. substrate-level phosphorylation
D. chemiosmosis
E. oxidative phosphorylation
Glycolysis does not continue if
A. there is no oxygen present
B. NADH is not oxidized
C. FADH is not oxidized
D. there is excess pyruvate
E. there is excess carbon dioxide
Which of the following statements is true
about the NADH generated by glycolysis
reaching the inner mitochondrial membrane?
A. The mitochondrial membrane is
impermeable to NADH unless O2 is present.
B. NADH cannot be used within the
mitochondria.
C. The two electrons of NADH stay within the
cytosol.
D. The NADH undergoes oxidative
phosphorylation.
E. The mitochondrial membrane accepts
electrons using NADH embedded in its
membrane
What happens to the NADH and FADH2
that are created during the Krebs cycle?
A. They are used in the electron transport
chain only.
B. They are used during oxidative
phosphorylation only.
C. They are used during both oxidative
phosphorylation and the electron
transport chain.
D. They are stored within the
mitochondria.
E. They couple with transport proteins on
the plasma membrane to facilitate ion
transfer.
How does the electron transport chain
keep electrons moving in one direction?
A. By using ATP.
B. Electronegativity and cytochrome
affinity.
C. Phosphorylation as electrons enter
ATP synthase channels.
D. Heat is added to excite the electrons.
E. A concentration gradient forces
electrons to bind to an oxidizing agent.
During the electron transport chain, an
H+ gradient is established. What happens
at the mitochondrial matrix as a result of
this gradient?
A. The pH increases.
B. The proteins disengage from the matrix.
C. Water is formed and used to power the
ATP synthase.
D. The rate of glycolysis increases.
E. No event occurs at the mitochondrial
matrix.
Which of the following is (are) the
reduced form of an electron carrier?
I. NADH
III. FADH2
II. NAD+ IV. FAD
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and III
D. I and IV
E. II and III
Why is it necessary to regenerate the
reduced forms of electron carriers during
fermentation?
A. The reduced form provides the energy
for the production of ATP.
B. It is required to maintain glycolysis.
C. It is required to allow for the Krebs
cycle to continue.
D. It prevents the production of waste
products.
E. It allows the process to occur in the
presence of oxygen.
16. In plants, ATP is synthesized in the
A. chloroplasts and endoplasmic
reticulum
B. chloroplasts and mitochondria
C. cytosol and mitochondria
D. mitochondria and nucleus
E. chloroplasts and cytosol
Plant A is most likely to have high
amounts of
A. chlorophyll a
B. carotenoids
C. cytochrome c
D. phycobilin
E. porphyrin rings
The action spectrum of plant A should
peak at
A. blue
B. green
C. red
D. violet
E. yellow
The color of Plant A is most likely
A. blue
B. green
C. red
D. violet
E. yellow
In an experiment the rate of photosynthesis in
chloroplasts is measured using a dye called DPIP.
Which of the following statements about the
experiment is NOT correct?
A. DPIP does not change color when it accepts
electrons that would normally be accepted by
NADP+.
B. As DPIP accepts electrons, it changes from blue
to clear.
C. An instrument called a spectrophotometer is
used to measure the quantity of light that is
absorbed.
D. By varying light intensity it is possible to
determine its effect on photosynthetic rates.
E. By varying light wavelength it is possible to
determine its effect on photosynthetic rates.
The processes of photosynthesis pass
from the
A. grana to thylakoid disc
B. stroma to thylakoid disc
C. stroma to grana
D. thylakoid disc to stroma
E. thylakoid disc to grana
Chemiosmosis in photosynthesis occurs
A. across the chloroplast membrane
B. across the plasma membrane
C. across the thylakoid membrane
D. within the grana only
E. within the stroma only
Base your answer to the following
question on In an experiment in which
the paper chromatography technique
was used and the following migration
distances were observed: What is the
Rf of pigment 2?
A. 0.28
B. 0.35
C. 0.70
D. 0.86
E. 1.43
The gas needed for photosynthesis is
A. CO2 obtained by diffusion through
the upper epidermis
B. CO2 obtained by diffusion regulated
by guard cells
C. H2O obtained by osmosis through
veins
D. O2 obtained by diffusion through
veins
E. O2 obtained by diffusion regulated
by guard cells
If this plant is undergoing
photorespiration, the Calvin cycle will
release
A. oxygen
B. ATP
C. sucrose
D. carbon dioxide
E. water
Where does photosynthesis occur in
blue-green algae?
A. Thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts
B. Stroma of chloroplasts
C. Inner mitochondrial membrane
D. Cell wall
E. Plasma membrane
C4 plants store CO2 so that stomata
stay open for less time. This is to
prevent excess
A. adhesion
B. CO2 intake
C. evaporation
D. O2 release
E. transpiration
Where do CAM plants store the
organic acids they make during the
night?
A. The stroma of the chloroplasts.
B. The vascular bundles of the stem.
C. The vacuoles of mesophyll cells.
D. The cytosol of the guard cells.
E. The aquaporins.
Starting with one molecule of glucose,
the "net" products of glycolysis are
A. 2 NAD+, 2 H+, 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP,
and 2 H2O .
B. 2 NADH, 2 H+, 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP,
and 2 H2O .
C. 2 FADH2, 2 pyruvate, 4 ATP, and 2
H2O .
D. 6 CO2, 6 H2O , 2 ATP, and 2
pyruvate.
E. 6 CO2, 6 H2O , 36 ATP, and 2 citrate.
A plant has a unique photosynthetic
pigment. The leaves of this plant
appear to be reddish yellow. What
wavelengths of visible light are being
absorbed by this pigment?
A. red and yellow
B. blue and violet
C. green and yellow
D. blue, green, and red
E. green, blue, and yellow
A young animal has never had much energy. He is
brought to a veterinarian for help and is sent to the
animal hospital for some tests. There they discover his
mitochondria can use only fatty acids and amino acids
for respiration, and his cells produce more lactate than
normal. Of the following, which is the best explanation
of his condition?
A. His mitochondria lack the transport protein that
moves pyruvate across the outer mitochondrial
membrane.
B. His cells cannot move NADH from glycolysis into the
mitochondria.
C. His cells contain something that inhibits oxygen use
in his mitochondria.
D. His cells lack the enzyme in glycolysis that forms
pyruvate.
E. His cells have a defective electron transport chain, so
glucose goes to lactate instead of to acetyl CoA.
During oxidative phosphorylation, H2O
is formed. Where does the oxygen for
the synthesis of the water come from?
A. carbon dioxide (CO2)
B. glucose (C6H12O6)
C. molecular oxygen (O2)
D. pyruvate (C3H3O3-)
E. lactate (C3H5O3-)
Glycolysis is thought to be one of the most
ancient of metabolic processes. Which
statement supports this idea?
A. Glycolysis is the most widespread metabolic
pathway.
B. Glycolysis neither uses nor needs O2.
C. Glycolysis is found in all eukaryotic cells.
D. The enzymes of glycolysis are found in the
cytosol rather than in a membrane-enclosed
organelle.
E. Ancient prokaryotic cells, the most
primitive of cells, made extensive use of
glycolysis long before oxygen was present in
Earth's atmosphere.
In any ecosystem, terrestrial or aquatic,
what group(s) is (are) always
necessary?
A. autotrophs and heterotrophs
B. producers and primary consumers
C. photosynthesizers
D. autotrophs
E. green plants
In autotrophic bacteria, where are the
enzymes located that can carry on
organic synthesis?
A. chloroplast membranes
B. nuclear membranes
C. free in the cytosol
D. along the outer edge of the nucleoid
E. along the inner surface of the plasma
membrane
In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial
membranes are about 5 X the area of the
outer mitochondrial membranes, and
about 17 X that of the cell's plasma
membrane. What purpose must this serve?
A. It allows for increased rate of glycolysis.
B. It allows for increased rate of the citric
acid cycle.
C. It increases the surface for oxidative
phosphoryation.
D. It increases the surface for substratelevel phosphorylation.
E. It allows the liver cell to have fewer
mitochondria.
Recall that the complete oxidation of a mole of glucose releases 686 kcal of energy (ΔG = -686 kcal/mol). The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP stores approximately 7.3 kca
In mechanism, photophosphorylation is
most similar to
A. substrate-level phosphorylation in
glycolysis.
B. oxidative phosphorylation in cellular
respiration.
C. the Calvin cycle.
D. carbon fixation.
E. reduction of NADP+.
Recall that the complete oxidation of a
mole of glucose releases 686 kcal of energy
(ΔG = -686 kcal/mol). The phosphorylation
of ADP to form ATP stores approximately
7.3 kcal per mole of ATP. What is the
approximate efficiency of cellular
respiration for a "mutant" organism that
produces only 29 moles of ATP for every
mole of glucose oxidized, rather than the
usual 36-38 moles of ATP?
a. 0.4% b. 25% c. 30% d. 40% e. 60%
Synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic
mechanism occurs during
A. photosynthesis.
B. respiration.
C. both photosynthesis and respiration.
D. neither photosynthesis nor
respiration.
E. photorespiration.
The reaction-center chlorophyll of
photosystem I is known as P700 because
A. there are 700 chlorophyll molecules in
the center
B. this pigment is best at absorbing light
with a wavelength of 700 nm.
C. there are 700 photosystem I
components to each chloroplast.
D. it absorbs 700 photons per
microsecond.
E. the plastoquinone reflects light with a
wavelength of 700 nm.
What is proton-motive force?
A. the force required to remove an
electron from hydrogen
B. the transmembrane proton
concentration gradient
C. movement of hydrogen into the
intermembrane space
D. movement of hydrogen into the
mitochondrion
E. the addition of hydrogen to NAD+
What is the purpose of beta oxidation
in respiration?
A. oxidation of glucose
B. oxidation of pyruvate
C. feedback regulation
D. control of ATP accumulation
E. breakdown of fatty acids