Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are most notable for the
... sulfate-reducing bacteria. Sulfate-reducing bacteria have an important economic impact because they are involved in biocorrosion of ferrous metals in anaerobic environment. For example, their metabolism has several negative consequences for the petroleum industry (e.g. corrosion of the pumping machi ...
... sulfate-reducing bacteria. Sulfate-reducing bacteria have an important economic impact because they are involved in biocorrosion of ferrous metals in anaerobic environment. For example, their metabolism has several negative consequences for the petroleum industry (e.g. corrosion of the pumping machi ...
Secondary chlorophyll a luminescence decay kinetics from green
... Photosynthesis is the light driven incorporation of C02 into organic compounds. The process is separated into two reaction sequences; the so called light- and dark reactions. The light reactions takes place in highly specialized membranes, thylakoids, where light is absorbed by the photosynthetic an ...
... Photosynthesis is the light driven incorporation of C02 into organic compounds. The process is separated into two reaction sequences; the so called light- and dark reactions. The light reactions takes place in highly specialized membranes, thylakoids, where light is absorbed by the photosynthetic an ...
Chapter 1 - York University
... In this equation two symbols are used. Light energy is represented by the letters nhν, for reasons which will described later (Section 3.5) and ‘CH2O’ is put into italics to emphasize that it is not a real compound but something with the same general structure as a carbohydrate. Sometimes the whole ...
... In this equation two symbols are used. Light energy is represented by the letters nhν, for reasons which will described later (Section 3.5) and ‘CH2O’ is put into italics to emphasize that it is not a real compound but something with the same general structure as a carbohydrate. Sometimes the whole ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
... B) have hydrophilic tails that face outward and are exposed to water. C) often have "kinks" in their tails caused by the presence of a double bond between carbons. D) remain fluid because they are tightly packed against one another. E) form impermeable layers for cells . Answer: C Topic: 5.1 Skill: ...
... B) have hydrophilic tails that face outward and are exposed to water. C) often have "kinks" in their tails caused by the presence of a double bond between carbons. D) remain fluid because they are tightly packed against one another. E) form impermeable layers for cells . Answer: C Topic: 5.1 Skill: ...
How is ferredoxin-NADP reductase involved in
... NADP photoreduction of chloroplasts was discovered in 1951, and subsequent research was conducted to elucidate the enzymatic mechanisms involved in this reaction. In 1963, ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR; EC 1.18.1.2, ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase) was isolated and purified to a crystalline form. Be ...
... NADP photoreduction of chloroplasts was discovered in 1951, and subsequent research was conducted to elucidate the enzymatic mechanisms involved in this reaction. In 1963, ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR; EC 1.18.1.2, ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase) was isolated and purified to a crystalline form. Be ...
Helicobacter pylori
... the gastric mucosa of the human. It is microaerophilic, and grows well under conditions of reduced oxygen tension found in the stomach Nutrition H. pylori is a heterotrophic, parasitic bacterium. Because it is a single celled bacteria, it does not have a need to transport nutrients within itself. It ...
... the gastric mucosa of the human. It is microaerophilic, and grows well under conditions of reduced oxygen tension found in the stomach Nutrition H. pylori is a heterotrophic, parasitic bacterium. Because it is a single celled bacteria, it does not have a need to transport nutrients within itself. It ...
The contributions of James Franck to
... purposes for which they were developed; they have clarified the situation, they have stimulated new experiments, and most of them contained parts which have been used in each subsequent attempt. . . A theory. . . by its very nature can contain only a partial truth. In this light we might take just a ...
... purposes for which they were developed; they have clarified the situation, they have stimulated new experiments, and most of them contained parts which have been used in each subsequent attempt. . . A theory. . . by its very nature can contain only a partial truth. In this light we might take just a ...
A genomic view on syntrophic versus non-syntrophic
... acetoclastic methanogens is low such as a high temperature and high levels of ammonium [13]. Though the basic concepts of sulfate reduction and methanogenesis are clear, it is not very clear how sulfate-reducing and methanogenic communities in freshwater and marine sediments are responding to change ...
... acetoclastic methanogens is low such as a high temperature and high levels of ammonium [13]. Though the basic concepts of sulfate reduction and methanogenesis are clear, it is not very clear how sulfate-reducing and methanogenic communities in freshwater and marine sediments are responding to change ...
Electron Transport Chains of Lactic Acid Bacteria
... organic compounds using endogenous electron acceptors that are usually catabolic intermediates of the same organic compounds. LAB as a group are generally considered non-respiring and obligate fermentors. Fermenting bacteria generate most of their energy (ATP) by substrate level phosphorylation. Cha ...
... organic compounds using endogenous electron acceptors that are usually catabolic intermediates of the same organic compounds. LAB as a group are generally considered non-respiring and obligate fermentors. Fermenting bacteria generate most of their energy (ATP) by substrate level phosphorylation. Cha ...
Plant Physiology
... system for the study of leaf senescence. Various senescenceinduced modifications in such leaves have been documented. These include structural alterations in the volume and shape of the chloroplast (5, 6, 9) as well as changes in several metabolic activities. The latter are reflected in the well kno ...
... system for the study of leaf senescence. Various senescenceinduced modifications in such leaves have been documented. These include structural alterations in the volume and shape of the chloroplast (5, 6, 9) as well as changes in several metabolic activities. The latter are reflected in the well kno ...
CO2 in Planted Aquaria - Bio-WEB
... must be naturally present in the water or else this would be impossible. In biological systems, CO2 comes from respiration. You could say that respiration is the opposite process of photosynthesis. In respiration, energy is released when sugars are converted into CO2 and water. Aquatic plants also r ...
... must be naturally present in the water or else this would be impossible. In biological systems, CO2 comes from respiration. You could say that respiration is the opposite process of photosynthesis. In respiration, energy is released when sugars are converted into CO2 and water. Aquatic plants also r ...
Recent Advances in Second Generation Ethanol Production by
... (Table 1) although there are thermophilic members of Bacillus, Geobacillus, Paenibacillus, and Caloramator that also produce ethanol [21,27,28]. The physiology and ethanol production potential of species within most genera has not been widely investigated; typically studies have focused upon one or ...
... (Table 1) although there are thermophilic members of Bacillus, Geobacillus, Paenibacillus, and Caloramator that also produce ethanol [21,27,28]. The physiology and ethanol production potential of species within most genera has not been widely investigated; typically studies have focused upon one or ...
What is Spirulina Pacifica
... Quality Because Spirulina is a fine dusty powder, it is inherently difficult to tablet. Some manufacturers solve this problem with high levels of tablet binders or by using heat granulation which can degrade nutrients. At Cyanotech, we tablet only Spirulina and therefore have developed expertise in ...
... Quality Because Spirulina is a fine dusty powder, it is inherently difficult to tablet. Some manufacturers solve this problem with high levels of tablet binders or by using heat granulation which can degrade nutrients. At Cyanotech, we tablet only Spirulina and therefore have developed expertise in ...
Full Text PDF
... Table 2. The changes in stomatal limitation (LS), water use efficiency (WUE) and transpiration rate (E) of cotyledon and primary leaf at the same age. Means ± SE (n = 3). Values with the same letter are not statistically significant at P < 0.05. ...
... Table 2. The changes in stomatal limitation (LS), water use efficiency (WUE) and transpiration rate (E) of cotyledon and primary leaf at the same age. Means ± SE (n = 3). Values with the same letter are not statistically significant at P < 0.05. ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... and range in size from 10 × 20 to 120 × 200 μM. Ciliated protozoa are highly specialized, single cells and have structures and features similar to animals. A single cell is bounded by a pellicle or skin and has internal structures that can be described as digestive tract (mouth, cytopharynx, anus, e ...
... and range in size from 10 × 20 to 120 × 200 μM. Ciliated protozoa are highly specialized, single cells and have structures and features similar to animals. A single cell is bounded by a pellicle or skin and has internal structures that can be described as digestive tract (mouth, cytopharynx, anus, e ...
Physiological meaning and potential for application of reductive
... co-metabolic activity or as a novel type of respiration. Co-metabolic activities have been found mainly with alkyl halides. They are non-specific reactions catalyzed by various enzyme systems of facultative as well as obligate anaerobic bacteria. In contrast, the reductive dechlorinations involved i ...
... co-metabolic activity or as a novel type of respiration. Co-metabolic activities have been found mainly with alkyl halides. They are non-specific reactions catalyzed by various enzyme systems of facultative as well as obligate anaerobic bacteria. In contrast, the reductive dechlorinations involved i ...
Physiological and phylogenetic studies of thermophilic
... more than 60 samples were taken from three different geothermal areas in Iceland with the main aim to isolate HOX bacteria. The main work was done on enrichment cultures since heterotrophic contaminations were very persistent. This study is based on four of the HOX enrichment cultures from Reynisdot ...
... more than 60 samples were taken from three different geothermal areas in Iceland with the main aim to isolate HOX bacteria. The main work was done on enrichment cultures since heterotrophic contaminations were very persistent. This study is based on four of the HOX enrichment cultures from Reynisdot ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
... C) often have "kinks" in their tails caused by the presence of a double bond between carbons. D) remain fluid because they are tightly packed against one another. E) form impermeable layers for cells . Answer: C الكولسترول المرتبط بأغشية الخاليا الحيوانية ...
... C) often have "kinks" in their tails caused by the presence of a double bond between carbons. D) remain fluid because they are tightly packed against one another. E) form impermeable layers for cells . Answer: C الكولسترول المرتبط بأغشية الخاليا الحيوانية ...
Was photosynthetic RuBisCO recruited by
... from RuBisCO prevents carboxylation and oxygenation reactions, but retains the ability to catalyze the enolization of RuBP [23]. K175, D203 and E204 residues are also essential amino acid residues for enolization of RuBP, and mutation of these residues leads to a lack of enolization activity [16,19] ...
... from RuBisCO prevents carboxylation and oxygenation reactions, but retains the ability to catalyze the enolization of RuBP [23]. K175, D203 and E204 residues are also essential amino acid residues for enolization of RuBP, and mutation of these residues leads to a lack of enolization activity [16,19] ...
Sulfate reducing bacteria in microbial mats
... discovered that SRB can, in fact, tolerate and even respire oxygen. Investigations of microbial mat systems have demonstrated that SRB are both abundant and active in the oxic zones of mats. Additionally, SRB have been found to be highly active in the lithified zones of microbial mats, suggesting a ...
... discovered that SRB can, in fact, tolerate and even respire oxygen. Investigations of microbial mat systems have demonstrated that SRB are both abundant and active in the oxic zones of mats. Additionally, SRB have been found to be highly active in the lithified zones of microbial mats, suggesting a ...
A re-evaluation of the ATP :NADPH budget
... 1995). In calculating gas exchange parameters ( Table 1) and cellular ATP balance ( Table 2), it is assumed that the production of oxoacids from TP occurs by the shortest metabolic route possible, as shown (i.e. the calculations of Tables 1 and 2 consider the minimum oxidation of TP necessary to sup ...
... 1995). In calculating gas exchange parameters ( Table 1) and cellular ATP balance ( Table 2), it is assumed that the production of oxoacids from TP occurs by the shortest metabolic route possible, as shown (i.e. the calculations of Tables 1 and 2 consider the minimum oxidation of TP necessary to sup ...
Role of Ascorbic Acid in Photosynthesis
... under photoinhibition caused by strong light; they also think that ascorbate can protect this photosystem from photodegradation. In addition, in the case of synthesis and new assembly of PS2 components, when the reaction center is already able to separate charges but the water-oxidizing complex is n ...
... under photoinhibition caused by strong light; they also think that ascorbate can protect this photosystem from photodegradation. In addition, in the case of synthesis and new assembly of PS2 components, when the reaction center is already able to separate charges but the water-oxidizing complex is n ...
Osmoadaptation mechanisms in prokaryotes
... Summary. Microorganisms respond to osmotic stress mostly by accumulating compatible solutes, either by uptake from the medium or by de novo synthesis. These osmotically active molecules preserve the positive turgor pressure required for cell division. The diversity of compatible solutes is large but ...
... Summary. Microorganisms respond to osmotic stress mostly by accumulating compatible solutes, either by uptake from the medium or by de novo synthesis. These osmotically active molecules preserve the positive turgor pressure required for cell division. The diversity of compatible solutes is large but ...
Chapter X-1: The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle
... It involves multiple rounds of DNA synthesis. It provides a mechanism for increasing the level of gene expression. It may result in thousands of copies of each gene. It usually occurs following the differentiation of cells. ...
... It involves multiple rounds of DNA synthesis. It provides a mechanism for increasing the level of gene expression. It may result in thousands of copies of each gene. It usually occurs following the differentiation of cells. ...
Mitochondria - Physical Mathematics
... To maintain their high degree of organization in a universe that is constantly drifting toward chaos, cells have a constant need for a plentiful supply of ATP, as we have explained in Chapter 2. In eukaryotic cells, most of the ATP that powers life processes is produced by specialized, membrane-encl ...
... To maintain their high degree of organization in a universe that is constantly drifting toward chaos, cells have a constant need for a plentiful supply of ATP, as we have explained in Chapter 2. In eukaryotic cells, most of the ATP that powers life processes is produced by specialized, membrane-encl ...
Cyanobacteria
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Cyanobacteria /saɪˌænoʊbækˈtɪəriə/, also known as Cyanophyta, is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis. The name ""cyanobacteria"" comes from the color of the bacteria (Greek: κυανός (kyanós) = blue). They are often called blue-green algae (but some consider that name a misnomer, as cyanobacteria are prokaryotic and algae should be eukaryotic, although other definitions of algae encompass prokaryotic organisms).By producing gaseous oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, cyanobacteria are thought to have converted the early reducing atmosphere into an oxidizing one, causing the ""rusting of the Earth"" and causing the Great Oxygenation Event, dramatically changing the composition of life forms on Earth by stimulating biodiversity and leading to the near-extinction of anaerobic organisms (that is, oxygen-intolerant). Symbiogenesis argues that the chloroplasts found in plants and eukaryotic algae evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors via endosymbiosis. Cyanobacteria are arguably the most successful group of microorganisms on earth. They are the most genetically diverse; they occupy a broad range of habitats across all latitudes, widespread in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems, and they are found in the most extreme niches such as hot springs, salt works, and hypersaline bays. Photoautotrophic, oxygen-producing cyanobacteria created the conditions in the planet's early atmosphere that directed the evolution of aerobic metabolism and eukaryotic photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria fulfill vital ecological functions in the world's oceans, being important contributors to global carbon and nitrogen budgets.– Stewart and Falconer