Correlation between the respiration-driven Na+ pump
... halophiles examined are resistant to hypotonic lysis, do not have any respiration-driven Na+ pump, and exhibit no requirement for Na+ for AIB uptake. Since these Gram-positive halophiles have none of the properties characteristic of marine bacteria, they are unlikely to originate from marine environ ...
... halophiles examined are resistant to hypotonic lysis, do not have any respiration-driven Na+ pump, and exhibit no requirement for Na+ for AIB uptake. Since these Gram-positive halophiles have none of the properties characteristic of marine bacteria, they are unlikely to originate from marine environ ...
The metabolism of photosynthetically fixed
... Photosynthetically fixed carbon plays an important role in the nutrition of the marine mollusc Elysia uiridis (Montagu). Hinde & Smith (1975) showed that when E. uiridis are starved in the light they lose weight much more slowly than when they are starved in the dark, and that the rates of photosynt ...
... Photosynthetically fixed carbon plays an important role in the nutrition of the marine mollusc Elysia uiridis (Montagu). Hinde & Smith (1975) showed that when E. uiridis are starved in the light they lose weight much more slowly than when they are starved in the dark, and that the rates of photosynt ...
the effect of ozone on photosynthesis and respiration of
... fairly constant and account for 99%ofthe atmosphere near the earth's surface. In clean air, the remaining one percent is made up of carbon dioxide, water vapor and a variety of other compounds. The minor gaseous constituents of the air resulting from man's activities may haveprofound effects on grow ...
... fairly constant and account for 99%ofthe atmosphere near the earth's surface. In clean air, the remaining one percent is made up of carbon dioxide, water vapor and a variety of other compounds. The minor gaseous constituents of the air resulting from man's activities may haveprofound effects on grow ...
Purification and Characterization of
... holoenzyme structure and function, and thus may represent an alternative evolutionary pathway in Calvin-cycle kinase development. ...
... holoenzyme structure and function, and thus may represent an alternative evolutionary pathway in Calvin-cycle kinase development. ...
1. Fluorescence in photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the
... Photosynthesis is the plant process that synthesizes organic compounds from inorganic substances in the presence of sunlight. The most important step, chemically, in photosynthesis is the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen. The first photosynthesis part is an energy ...
... Photosynthesis is the plant process that synthesizes organic compounds from inorganic substances in the presence of sunlight. The most important step, chemically, in photosynthesis is the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen. The first photosynthesis part is an energy ...
Stimulation of glycolysis in anaerobic elongation of pondweed
... Stem segments prepared from pondweed (Potamogeton distinctus A. Benn.) turions (overwintering buds) elongate in anaerobic conditions, whereas there is almost no elongation in air. The anaerobic elongation was accompanied by a decrease in dry weights of stem segments, mainly due to consumption of sto ...
... Stem segments prepared from pondweed (Potamogeton distinctus A. Benn.) turions (overwintering buds) elongate in anaerobic conditions, whereas there is almost no elongation in air. The anaerobic elongation was accompanied by a decrease in dry weights of stem segments, mainly due to consumption of sto ...
A generalized stoichiometric model of C3, C2, C2
... The goal of suppressing photorespiration in crops to maximize assimilation and yield is stimulating considerable interest among researchers looking to bioengineer carbon-concentrating mechanisms into C3 plants. However, detailed quantification of the biochemical activities in the bundle sheath is la ...
... The goal of suppressing photorespiration in crops to maximize assimilation and yield is stimulating considerable interest among researchers looking to bioengineer carbon-concentrating mechanisms into C3 plants. However, detailed quantification of the biochemical activities in the bundle sheath is la ...
nitrogen fixation and its improvement through genetic engineering
... reviewed here. The various achievements in manipulating the host plant and the microorganism to improve the yield of nitrogen fixation are also discussed in this review. Key words: nitrogenase, nif genes, St nitrogenase, uptake hydrogenase, chloroplast, protoplast, para nodules, ureide ...
... reviewed here. The various achievements in manipulating the host plant and the microorganism to improve the yield of nitrogen fixation are also discussed in this review. Key words: nitrogenase, nif genes, St nitrogenase, uptake hydrogenase, chloroplast, protoplast, para nodules, ureide ...
Fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae
... Fermentation or anoxic metabolism allows unicellular organisms to colonize environments that become anoxic. Free-living unicellular algae capable of a photoautotrophic lifestyle can also use a range of metabolic circuitry associated with different branches of fermentation metabolism. While algae tha ...
... Fermentation or anoxic metabolism allows unicellular organisms to colonize environments that become anoxic. Free-living unicellular algae capable of a photoautotrophic lifestyle can also use a range of metabolic circuitry associated with different branches of fermentation metabolism. While algae tha ...
Every dogma has its day
... (Ruben and Kamen, 1941) was an event that transformed the situation. In the wake of this discovery, after the war, a team led by Calvin solved the complex pathway of CO2 fixation in algae and plants within a relatively short time (Bassham et al. 1954). The adoption of paper chromatography, invented ...
... (Ruben and Kamen, 1941) was an event that transformed the situation. In the wake of this discovery, after the war, a team led by Calvin solved the complex pathway of CO2 fixation in algae and plants within a relatively short time (Bassham et al. 1954). The adoption of paper chromatography, invented ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 4. Global climate change may a. increase photosynthetic rate. b. increase plant growth. c. change temperature throughout the globe. d. necessitate a change in the crops grown. e. All of the above Answer: e Textbook Reference: 10.0 Photosynthesis and global climate ...
... Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 4. Global climate change may a. increase photosynthetic rate. b. increase plant growth. c. change temperature throughout the globe. d. necessitate a change in the crops grown. e. All of the above Answer: e Textbook Reference: 10.0 Photosynthesis and global climate ...
Chlorophyll extraction from harvested plant material
... carbohydrates and discharge oxygen as a byproduct. Photosynthesis occurs in photoautotrophic organisms like higher plants or algae and consists of light and dark reactions. Light reactions take place in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. These thylakoid membranes contain photosystems which are bas ...
... carbohydrates and discharge oxygen as a byproduct. Photosynthesis occurs in photoautotrophic organisms like higher plants or algae and consists of light and dark reactions. Light reactions take place in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. These thylakoid membranes contain photosystems which are bas ...
Structure of the Chloroplast NADH
... The bacterial respiratory complex I (NDH-1) is generally composed of 14 subunits (for a review, see Friedrich 1998). An exception is observed in cyanobacteria that encode proteins corresponding to only 11 subunits (NdhA–NdhK) of nonphototrophic bacterial NDH-1. The missing three subunits correspond ...
... The bacterial respiratory complex I (NDH-1) is generally composed of 14 subunits (for a review, see Friedrich 1998). An exception is observed in cyanobacteria that encode proteins corresponding to only 11 subunits (NdhA–NdhK) of nonphototrophic bacterial NDH-1. The missing three subunits correspond ...
Role of Special Histochemical Stains in Staining
... Principles of Staining: The mycobacteral cell walls are stained by carbol fuschin which is made up of basic fuschin dissolved in alcohol and phenol. Staining is aided by the application of heat. The organisms stain pink with the basic fuschin. Staining is followed by decolorisation in acid-alcohol; ...
... Principles of Staining: The mycobacteral cell walls are stained by carbol fuschin which is made up of basic fuschin dissolved in alcohol and phenol. Staining is aided by the application of heat. The organisms stain pink with the basic fuschin. Staining is followed by decolorisation in acid-alcohol; ...
Photosynthetic acclimation to elevated C02 in
... the GHCs. In both the OTCs and the GHCs, the shortterm (i.e. measurement) effect of high CO2 on net photosynthesis was different from the long-term (i.e. growth) effect. When considering photosynthesis measured at high (700 ^mol moP 1 ) CO2, values were significantly higher (at / > <0.01) for the el ...
... the GHCs. In both the OTCs and the GHCs, the shortterm (i.e. measurement) effect of high CO2 on net photosynthesis was different from the long-term (i.e. growth) effect. When considering photosynthesis measured at high (700 ^mol moP 1 ) CO2, values were significantly higher (at / > <0.01) for the el ...
COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
... Chemotrophs are important in the transformations of the elements, such as the conversion of ammonia to nitrate and sulfur to sulfate, which occur continually in nature. Usually, a particular species of microorganism belongs to only one of the four nutritional types. However, some microorganisms have ...
... Chemotrophs are important in the transformations of the elements, such as the conversion of ammonia to nitrate and sulfur to sulfate, which occur continually in nature. Usually, a particular species of microorganism belongs to only one of the four nutritional types. However, some microorganisms have ...
Bacteria in Permafrost
... and Sphingomonas sp., are typical components of the tundra soil microbial complex, while Gram-positive strains are often a minor component (Mannisto and Haggblom 2006; Belova et al. 2006). Since the processes of methane production and oxidation are common in Arctic polygonal tundra, methanogens and ...
... and Sphingomonas sp., are typical components of the tundra soil microbial complex, while Gram-positive strains are often a minor component (Mannisto and Haggblom 2006; Belova et al. 2006). Since the processes of methane production and oxidation are common in Arctic polygonal tundra, methanogens and ...
Photosynthesis, Physiology and Growth of Orchids
... 1. CO2 enrichment suppresses photorespiration, enhances photosynthesis and promotes growth of C3 plants due to increased CO2/O2 ratio. Water use efficient is also increased. 2. Its effect on photosynthesis and growth of C4 plants is less significant, but WSU is also increased. 3. Therefore, C3 orchi ...
... 1. CO2 enrichment suppresses photorespiration, enhances photosynthesis and promotes growth of C3 plants due to increased CO2/O2 ratio. Water use efficient is also increased. 2. Its effect on photosynthesis and growth of C4 plants is less significant, but WSU is also increased. 3. Therefore, C3 orchi ...
Plant and Soil
... inhibits glutamine synthetase and stimulates nitrogenase activity and ammonium release in Nostoc (H~illborn, 1984). For rhizocoenosis with heterotrophic diazotrophs, a similar physiological interaction has not yet been described. At low levels of glutamate or aspartate, small amounts of ammonium are ...
... inhibits glutamine synthetase and stimulates nitrogenase activity and ammonium release in Nostoc (H~illborn, 1984). For rhizocoenosis with heterotrophic diazotrophs, a similar physiological interaction has not yet been described. At low levels of glutamate or aspartate, small amounts of ammonium are ...
Providing Nitrogen to Organic Crops
... Nitrogen is usually the nutrient that is in limiting supply, i.e., the limiting factor to crop growth on organic farms. Plants deficient in nitrogen are stunted, yellowish (especially the lower leaves), and have restricted root growth. Plants turn yellow because nitrogen is an integral part of chlor ...
... Nitrogen is usually the nutrient that is in limiting supply, i.e., the limiting factor to crop growth on organic farms. Plants deficient in nitrogen are stunted, yellowish (especially the lower leaves), and have restricted root growth. Plants turn yellow because nitrogen is an integral part of chlor ...
Essential Cell Biology Chapter 14
... The main chemical energy currency in cells is ATP (see Figure 3–32). In eucaryotic cells, small amounts of ATP are generated during glycolysis in the cytosol, but most ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria (as outlined in Chapter 13). The mechanism by which the bulk of ATP is ...
... The main chemical energy currency in cells is ATP (see Figure 3–32). In eucaryotic cells, small amounts of ATP are generated during glycolysis in the cytosol, but most ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria (as outlined in Chapter 13). The mechanism by which the bulk of ATP is ...
The Presence and Function of Cytochromes in
... difference spectra and carbon monoxide difference spectra of bacterial suspensions were recorded with an Aminco Chance spectrophotometer (American Instruments Co., Washington, U.S.A.). Cytochrome b was estimated from the dithionite-reduced minus oxygenoxidized differencespectra using C = 17500 l/mol ...
... difference spectra and carbon monoxide difference spectra of bacterial suspensions were recorded with an Aminco Chance spectrophotometer (American Instruments Co., Washington, U.S.A.). Cytochrome b was estimated from the dithionite-reduced minus oxygenoxidized differencespectra using C = 17500 l/mol ...
Anammox bacteria disguised as denitrifiers: nitrate reduction to
... Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria oxidize ammonium with nitrite under anoxic conditions. In the 1960s, ammonium deficits were already observed in anoxic basins, but this observation did not change the general belief that ammonium was essentially inert under anoxic conditions (Richards, ...
... Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria oxidize ammonium with nitrite under anoxic conditions. In the 1960s, ammonium deficits were already observed in anoxic basins, but this observation did not change the general belief that ammonium was essentially inert under anoxic conditions (Richards, ...
Emerging technology for fermenting D-xylose
... oxygen 47,48 . Unlike the Custers effect in which the cells adapt to anaerobic fermentation of D-glucose after 7-8 h45, complete anaerobic inhibition of the D-xylose fermentation has been observed for at least 20 days. Production of ethanol from D-xylose by P a . t a n n o p h i l u s and by C. sheh ...
... oxygen 47,48 . Unlike the Custers effect in which the cells adapt to anaerobic fermentation of D-glucose after 7-8 h45, complete anaerobic inhibition of the D-xylose fermentation has been observed for at least 20 days. Production of ethanol from D-xylose by P a . t a n n o p h i l u s and by C. sheh ...
Bi284 Lab Manual - Childrens Online Books
... It is best to start with the gram negative bacteria. This is best because the decolourizing step can be tricky. If you start with gram negative you can gain an understanding of how long you need to decolourize for. NOTE: If you do not get what you expected redo until you get it right. 3. Perform 1 ...
... It is best to start with the gram negative bacteria. This is best because the decolourizing step can be tricky. If you start with gram negative you can gain an understanding of how long you need to decolourize for. NOTE: If you do not get what you expected redo until you get it right. 3. Perform 1 ...
Cyanobacteria
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Cyanobacteria /saɪˌænoʊbækˈtɪəriə/, also known as Cyanophyta, is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis. The name ""cyanobacteria"" comes from the color of the bacteria (Greek: κυανός (kyanós) = blue). They are often called blue-green algae (but some consider that name a misnomer, as cyanobacteria are prokaryotic and algae should be eukaryotic, although other definitions of algae encompass prokaryotic organisms).By producing gaseous oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, cyanobacteria are thought to have converted the early reducing atmosphere into an oxidizing one, causing the ""rusting of the Earth"" and causing the Great Oxygenation Event, dramatically changing the composition of life forms on Earth by stimulating biodiversity and leading to the near-extinction of anaerobic organisms (that is, oxygen-intolerant). Symbiogenesis argues that the chloroplasts found in plants and eukaryotic algae evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors via endosymbiosis. Cyanobacteria are arguably the most successful group of microorganisms on earth. They are the most genetically diverse; they occupy a broad range of habitats across all latitudes, widespread in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems, and they are found in the most extreme niches such as hot springs, salt works, and hypersaline bays. Photoautotrophic, oxygen-producing cyanobacteria created the conditions in the planet's early atmosphere that directed the evolution of aerobic metabolism and eukaryotic photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria fulfill vital ecological functions in the world's oceans, being important contributors to global carbon and nitrogen budgets.– Stewart and Falconer