07-Photosynthesis
... light reactions of photosynthesis, requires light energy. The products of the light reactions are then used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water. Because the reactions in the second stage do not require the direct use of light energy, they are called the dark reactions of photosynthesis. ...
... light reactions of photosynthesis, requires light energy. The products of the light reactions are then used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water. Because the reactions in the second stage do not require the direct use of light energy, they are called the dark reactions of photosynthesis. ...
Amino Acid Transporters and Release of Hydrophobic Amino Acids
... concentration of L-[U-14C]amino acid, in filaments grown in BG11 medium (supplemented with the appropriate antibiotic in the case of the mutants), washed and suspended in 25 mM N-tris(hydroxymethyl)-methylglycine (Tricine)-NaOH buffer (pH 8.1). Significance of the difference of uptake between a muta ...
... concentration of L-[U-14C]amino acid, in filaments grown in BG11 medium (supplemented with the appropriate antibiotic in the case of the mutants), washed and suspended in 25 mM N-tris(hydroxymethyl)-methylglycine (Tricine)-NaOH buffer (pH 8.1). Significance of the difference of uptake between a muta ...
Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 11e (Madigan/Martinko)
... 54) Oxygenases are enzymes that catalyze the incorporation of oxygen into organic compounds. Answer: TRUE 55) The pigments and all the components of the light gathering apparatus are located within systems known as __________. Answer: photosynthetic membranes 56) The ultimate low light efficiency st ...
... 54) Oxygenases are enzymes that catalyze the incorporation of oxygen into organic compounds. Answer: TRUE 55) The pigments and all the components of the light gathering apparatus are located within systems known as __________. Answer: photosynthetic membranes 56) The ultimate low light efficiency st ...
The Nitrogen Cycle
... comprise a significant portion of the acidity in acid rain which has been blamed for forest death and decline in parts of Europe and the Northeast United States. Increases in atmospheric nitrogen deposition have also been blamed for more subtle shifts in dominant species and ecosystem function in so ...
... comprise a significant portion of the acidity in acid rain which has been blamed for forest death and decline in parts of Europe and the Northeast United States. Increases in atmospheric nitrogen deposition have also been blamed for more subtle shifts in dominant species and ecosystem function in so ...
CH7Cellular-Respiration
... • In the 2nd stage, pyruvate EITHER passes through the Krebs cycle OR undergoes fermentation. – Fermentation recycles NAD+ but does not produce ATP. ...
... • In the 2nd stage, pyruvate EITHER passes through the Krebs cycle OR undergoes fermentation. – Fermentation recycles NAD+ but does not produce ATP. ...
Lesson 4.4 Anaerobic Respiration version 2
... NAD must be converted into NAD. This happens when pyruvate takes up 2 hydrogen atoms from reduced NAD to make lactate. Lactate causes cramp and fatigue in muscle tissue so this must be removed. It can be oxidised back to pyruvate or it is taken to the liver and converted to glycogen. ...
... NAD must be converted into NAD. This happens when pyruvate takes up 2 hydrogen atoms from reduced NAD to make lactate. Lactate causes cramp and fatigue in muscle tissue so this must be removed. It can be oxidised back to pyruvate or it is taken to the liver and converted to glycogen. ...
Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism
... sulfur bacteria inhabit the sediments of upwelling areas characterized by high sediment concentrations of soluble sulfide, and low levels of dissolved oxygen. The ecological implication of nitrate ammonification is that nitrogen is conserved within the ecosystem. Thiomargarita namibiensis is another ...
... sulfur bacteria inhabit the sediments of upwelling areas characterized by high sediment concentrations of soluble sulfide, and low levels of dissolved oxygen. The ecological implication of nitrate ammonification is that nitrogen is conserved within the ecosystem. Thiomargarita namibiensis is another ...
Prokaryotes - Hardin County Schools
... Bacteria can also be chemotrophs. Chemotrophs obtain energy by breaking down chemical compounds in their environment. An example of one of these chemicals broken down by bacteria is nitrogen-containing ammonia. These bacteria are important because they help cycle nitrogen through the environment for ...
... Bacteria can also be chemotrophs. Chemotrophs obtain energy by breaking down chemical compounds in their environment. An example of one of these chemicals broken down by bacteria is nitrogen-containing ammonia. These bacteria are important because they help cycle nitrogen through the environment for ...
Text A: Nitrogen circulates through Earth`s environment in several
... Environmental Protection Agency has established a standard for nitrogen in drinking water of 10 mg per liter nitrate-N. Unfortunately, many systems (particularly in agricultural areas) already exceed this level. By comparison, nitrate levels in waters that have not been altered by human activity are ...
... Environmental Protection Agency has established a standard for nitrogen in drinking water of 10 mg per liter nitrate-N. Unfortunately, many systems (particularly in agricultural areas) already exceed this level. By comparison, nitrate levels in waters that have not been altered by human activity are ...
BOOK NOTES ch9_sec3
... Key Ideas • How does glycolysis produce ATP? • How is ATP produced in aerobic respiration? ...
... Key Ideas • How does glycolysis produce ATP? • How is ATP produced in aerobic respiration? ...
Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria
... • are diverse in their means of infection •often have an envelope acquired from cell membrane. ...
... • are diverse in their means of infection •often have an envelope acquired from cell membrane. ...
Photosynthetic electron transport and anaerobic
... Analysis of puf and puc promoters has been carried out in detail and cis-acting regulatory elements have been identified (reviewed by Klug 1993a). However, the situation regarding trans-acting regulators is less clear. Sganga & Bauer (1992) have identified a gene regA which encodes a trans-acting re ...
... Analysis of puf and puc promoters has been carried out in detail and cis-acting regulatory elements have been identified (reviewed by Klug 1993a). However, the situation regarding trans-acting regulators is less clear. Sganga & Bauer (1992) have identified a gene regA which encodes a trans-acting re ...
The ecology and taxonomy of anaerobic halophilic eubacteria
... extreme environments as the anaerobic sediments of hypersaline water bodies are inhabited by a variety of microorganisms. A number of fermentative obligate anaerobes have now been isolated and characterised. However, not all types of anaerobic halophiles are known, since biological sulphate reductio ...
... extreme environments as the anaerobic sediments of hypersaline water bodies are inhabited by a variety of microorganisms. A number of fermentative obligate anaerobes have now been isolated and characterised. However, not all types of anaerobic halophiles are known, since biological sulphate reductio ...
Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of photoautotrophic
... 1994), and where organic labile carbonaceous substrate is added to the systems to support microbial metabolism (Avinimelech, 1999; McIntosh, 1999). At high organic carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios, bacteria will assimilate nitrogen, i.e., ammonia, from the water and produce cell protein. Several atte ...
... 1994), and where organic labile carbonaceous substrate is added to the systems to support microbial metabolism (Avinimelech, 1999; McIntosh, 1999). At high organic carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios, bacteria will assimilate nitrogen, i.e., ammonia, from the water and produce cell protein. Several atte ...
laboratory exercise: photosynthesis: isolation and characterization of
... Photosynthetic cells also contain a very small amount of a pigment with a light absorption maximum at 700 nm. This pigment, designated P700, is a specialized chlorophyll molecule making up only 1/400 of the total chlorophyll in the cell. It serves as the photoreactive center of an assembly of chloro ...
... Photosynthetic cells also contain a very small amount of a pigment with a light absorption maximum at 700 nm. This pigment, designated P700, is a specialized chlorophyll molecule making up only 1/400 of the total chlorophyll in the cell. It serves as the photoreactive center of an assembly of chloro ...
Title - Angelfire
... Chloroplasts and Mitochondria • Mitochondria and chloroplasts are responsible for providing energy for the cell. • They are exxentially foreign creatures thought to have evovled from bacteria that took up residence long ago within a fortunate eukaryotic cell. ...
... Chloroplasts and Mitochondria • Mitochondria and chloroplasts are responsible for providing energy for the cell. • They are exxentially foreign creatures thought to have evovled from bacteria that took up residence long ago within a fortunate eukaryotic cell. ...
BOOK NOTES ch9_sec3
... • Proteins and nucleic acids can also be used to make ATP, but they are usually used for building important cell parts. ...
... • Proteins and nucleic acids can also be used to make ATP, but they are usually used for building important cell parts. ...
Photosynthesis, productivity and environment
... area (Pn), total photosynthesis by canopies and dry matter production {DMP) of crops is reviewed. Although Pn is the driving force for all plant growth, total DMP is determined by processes integrated over the canopy, primarily light interception and thus by leaf area index (LAI) and canopy architec ...
... area (Pn), total photosynthesis by canopies and dry matter production {DMP) of crops is reviewed. Although Pn is the driving force for all plant growth, total DMP is determined by processes integrated over the canopy, primarily light interception and thus by leaf area index (LAI) and canopy architec ...
The Effects of Exogenous Amino Acids on Growth
... Chemicals. The purest grade of commercially available chemicals was used throughout. Amino acids were from Sigma, all other compounds were from BDH. RESULTS ...
... Chemicals. The purest grade of commercially available chemicals was used throughout. Amino acids were from Sigma, all other compounds were from BDH. RESULTS ...
Impact of an exceptionally hot dry summer on photosynthetic traits in
... which increased by the afternoon. More extreme drought and heat caused a sharp day-long reduction in Pn. These effects were closely related to changes in stomatal conductance (gs ), but low gs was unaccompanied by low intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci ). Around midday, a combination of heat and d ...
... which increased by the afternoon. More extreme drought and heat caused a sharp day-long reduction in Pn. These effects were closely related to changes in stomatal conductance (gs ), but low gs was unaccompanied by low intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci ). Around midday, a combination of heat and d ...
Phototrophy, Chemolithotrophy, and Major Biosyntheses Chapter 13
... • In nature, the source of NO2- in the anammox reaction is presumably the aerobic ammoniaoxidizing bacteria. • Two groups of ammonia oxidizers, nitrifiers (aerobic) and Anammox bacteria (anerobic), live together in ammonia-rich habitats. • The suspended particles in these habitats contain both oxic ...
... • In nature, the source of NO2- in the anammox reaction is presumably the aerobic ammoniaoxidizing bacteria. • Two groups of ammonia oxidizers, nitrifiers (aerobic) and Anammox bacteria (anerobic), live together in ammonia-rich habitats. • The suspended particles in these habitats contain both oxic ...
The Chromatophores of Photosynthetic Bacteria
... cultures are grown (Stanier, 1959; Cohen-Bazire & Kunisawa, 1960). A constant amount of chromatophore protein is apparently formed to which is bound variable amounts of pigment. Hypothetical models of chromatophores must therefore allow a considerable degree of flexibility. The composition of chroma ...
... cultures are grown (Stanier, 1959; Cohen-Bazire & Kunisawa, 1960). A constant amount of chromatophore protein is apparently formed to which is bound variable amounts of pigment. Hypothetical models of chromatophores must therefore allow a considerable degree of flexibility. The composition of chroma ...
Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism
... c. Prevalent forms of nitrogen i. atomospheric nitrogen (78% of atmosphere) ii. nitrate anions (NO3-) iii. These are oxidized forms of nitrogen. iv. We have to have reduced form. d. There are 2 ways to convert the oxidized forms into reduced states. i. Nitrogen Fixation – deals with gaseous nitrogen ...
... c. Prevalent forms of nitrogen i. atomospheric nitrogen (78% of atmosphere) ii. nitrate anions (NO3-) iii. These are oxidized forms of nitrogen. iv. We have to have reduced form. d. There are 2 ways to convert the oxidized forms into reduced states. i. Nitrogen Fixation – deals with gaseous nitrogen ...
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria /saɪˌænoʊbækˈtɪəriə/, also known as Cyanophyta, is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis. The name ""cyanobacteria"" comes from the color of the bacteria (Greek: κυανός (kyanós) = blue). They are often called blue-green algae (but some consider that name a misnomer, as cyanobacteria are prokaryotic and algae should be eukaryotic, although other definitions of algae encompass prokaryotic organisms).By producing gaseous oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, cyanobacteria are thought to have converted the early reducing atmosphere into an oxidizing one, causing the ""rusting of the Earth"" and causing the Great Oxygenation Event, dramatically changing the composition of life forms on Earth by stimulating biodiversity and leading to the near-extinction of anaerobic organisms (that is, oxygen-intolerant). Symbiogenesis argues that the chloroplasts found in plants and eukaryotic algae evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors via endosymbiosis. Cyanobacteria are arguably the most successful group of microorganisms on earth. They are the most genetically diverse; they occupy a broad range of habitats across all latitudes, widespread in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems, and they are found in the most extreme niches such as hot springs, salt works, and hypersaline bays. Photoautotrophic, oxygen-producing cyanobacteria created the conditions in the planet's early atmosphere that directed the evolution of aerobic metabolism and eukaryotic photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria fulfill vital ecological functions in the world's oceans, being important contributors to global carbon and nitrogen budgets.– Stewart and Falconer