Download Lesson 1

Cell Structures, Transport &
Homeostasis, and Role of
Enzymes
Biology EOCT Review
Created Spring 2012
1. DNA and RNA are macromolecules
made up of
a.
b.
c.
d.
Nucleotides
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Amino acids
2. Which structure would you expect to
observe when examining a prokaryotic
cell with a microscope?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Cell membrane
mitochondria
3. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively
stable internal environment. Cells have several
mechanisms that regulate their internal
environments. Which of these mechanisms of
cellular homeostasis expands energy?
a. Osmosis
b. Passive transport
c. Diffusion
d. Active transport
4. Which organelle carries out the process of
photosynthesis?
a. Vacuole
b. Mitochondria
c. Chloroplast
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
5. The place where reactants bind to an
enzyme during a reaction is called the
a. Product
b. Activation energy
c. Substrate
d. Active site
6. If an animal were placed in a solution of ocean
water, what would happen?
a. The cell would swell because the water
solution is hypotonic.
b. The cell would swell because the water
solution is hypertonic.
c. The cell would shrivel because the water
solution is hypertonic.
d. The cell would shrivel because the water
solution is hypotonic.
7. Which of the following macromolecules
are composed of chains of amino acids
that join together to form the structural
components of organisms?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Proteins
d. Nucleic acids
8. Which of the following macromolecules
are the main source of quick energy?
a. Lipids
b. Carbohydrates
c. Nucleic acids
d. Proteins
9. In which type of cellular transport do
molecules bind to channel proteins in
order to move across a selectively
permeable membrane against a
concentration gradient?
a. Facilitated transport
b. Active transport
c. Diffusion
d. osmosis
10. Which of the following environmental
changes is MOST likely to slow chemical
reactions in cells?
a. Increased temperature
b. Decreased temperature
c. An increase in the number of substrate
molecules in solutions
d. Neutralization of an acidic environment
11. What does the peak of the
blue line represent?
a. Energy of the products
b. Reaction progress
c. Activation energy without a catalyst
d. Activation energy with a catalyst