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Download Making protein (translation)
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Protein Synthesis Part II: Translation • Using the length of messenger RNA to assemble amino acids into proteins. • Takes place in a ribosome. Step 1: -mRNA is attached to a ribosome ribosome Step 2: -The ribosome “reads” the mRNA three bases at a time. -These three bases are called the mRNA codon. ribosome mRNA “codons” Step 3: -The ribosome guides a different type of RNA to each codon. -This type of RNA is called transfer RNA (tRNA). valine mRNA “codons” Transfer RNA (tRNA) • • • • Made of RNA Attached to a specific amino acid Contains an anti-codon of three bases tRNA’s anticodon will pair-up with RNA’s codon. Amino acid Anti-codon Reading a round genetic code: For the first codon (G U A): 1. Find “G” in the middle of the wheel. 2. Follow that to “U” in the next outer ring. 3. Follow that to the A in the third ring. 4. Read the name of the amino acid in the last ring. 5. In this case G U A codes for Valine. Reading a table genetic code: For the first codon (G U A): 1. Find “G” on the left hand side. 2. Match the “G” with the “U” from the top. 3. Follow that to the A in the third ring. 4. Match both of these letters with the right hand side. 5. In this case G U A codes for Valine. Step 4: -The ribosome guides another tRNA to the mRNA codon. Leucine valine mRNA “codons” Step 5: -The ribosome bonds the two amino acids together. valine Leucine mRNA “codons” Step 6: -The first tRNA releases from the mRNA and its amino acid. valine Leucine mRNA “codons” Step 7: -The ribosome moves to the next codon. valine Leucine mRNA “codons” Step 8: -The ribosome guides another tRNA to the mRNA codon. valine Leucine mRNA “codons” valine Step 9: -The ribosome bonds the amino acids together. valine Leucine mRNA “codons” valine Step 10: -A tRNA releases from the mRNA and its amino acid. valine Leucine mRNA “codons” valine Step 11: -The ribosome moves to the next codon. valine Leucine mRNA “codons” valine Step 12: -The ribosome guides another tRNA to the mRNA codon. valine Leucine mRNA “codons” valine Step 13: -The ribosome bonds the amino acids together. valine Leucine mRNA “codons” valine Step 14: -The tRNA molecules detach from the mRNA and their amino acids. valine Leucine mRNA “codons” valine Step 15: -The protein is now complete. valine Leucine mRNA “codons” valine