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Download RNA 8.4 Transcription TEKS 4B, 6C, 9C
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8.4 Transcription TEKS 4B, 6C, 9C The student is expected to: 4B investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis of new molecules; 6C explain the purpose and process of transcription and translation using models of DNA and RNA; 9C identify and investigate the role of enzymes 8.4 Transcription TEKS 4B, 6C, 9C KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule. 8.4 Transcription RNA carries DNA’s instructions. • The central dogma states that information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to proteins. TEKS 4B, 6C, 9C 8.4 Transcription TEKS 4B, 6C, 9C • The central dogma includes three processes. – Replication – Transcription replication – Translation transcription • RNA is a link between DNA and proteins. translation 8.4 Transcription • RNA differs from DNA in three major ways. – RNA has a ribose sugar. – RNA has uracil instead of thymine. – RNA is a single-stranded structure. TEKS 4B, 6C, 9C 8.4 Transcription TEKS 4B, 6C, 9C Transcription makes three types of RNA. • Transcription copies DNA to make a strand of RNA. 8.4 Transcription TEKS 4B, 6C, 9C • Transcription is catalyzed by RNA polymerase. – RNA polymerase and other proteins form a transcription complex. – The transcription complex recognizes the start of a gene and unwinds a segment of it. start site transcription complex nucleotides 8.4 Transcription TEKS 4B, 6C, 9C – Nucleotides pair with one strand of the DNA. – RNA polymerase bonds the nucleotides together. – The DNA helix winds again as the gene is transcribed. DNA RNA polymerase moves along the DNA 8.4 Transcription TEKS 4B, 6C, 9C – The RNA strand detaches from the DNA once the gene is transcribed. RNA 8.4 Transcription TEKS 4B, 6C, 9C • Transcription makes three types of RNA. – Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the message that will be translated to form a protein. – Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where proteins are made. – Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome. 8.4 Transcription TEKS 4B, 6C, 9C The transcription process is similar to replication. • Transcription and replication both involve complex enzymes and complementary base pairing. • The two processes have different end results. – Replication copies all the DNA; transcription copies one gene growing RNA strands a gene. – Replication makes one copy; DNA transcription can make many copies.