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Final Review
C483 Spring 2013
Replication
Transcription
Nonspecific binding
One-dimensional promoter search
Holoenzyme and promoter form closed complex
Open complex allows initiation
Sigma subunit released; promoter is
cleared and elongation starts
Eukaryotic Transcription
• Multiple RNA Polymerases—
compartmentalization
• General Transcription Factors
• Role of Chromatin
• mRNA processing
Operon
• Three genes for three proteins controlled by
single promoter region (operon)
Lac repressor (not
part of operon)
B-galactosidase
(hydrolyse
lactose)
Lactose
permease
Thiogalactoside
transacetylase
Translation
Overview
• Genetic Code
• tRNA structure
• Aminoacyl-tRNA
synthetase
• Ribosome structure
• Next lecture:
initiation,
elongation,
termination
tRNAPhe
Question Distribution
• Comprehensive (chapters 1-19)
– Approximately 2-3 questions/chapter
– Study questions from lectures
– Major in the majors
– Be able to apply major principles
• Chapters 20-22
– Approximately 5-6 questions per chapter
Chapter Overviews
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Compartmentalization
IMF, acid/base, pH and buffers
Amino acids and primary structure
Protein structure and Hemoglobin
Enzyme kinetics, Inhibitors, allosteric
Catalytic mechanisms, serine protease
7. Function of coenzymes
8. Structure of carbohydrates
9. Membranes and signal transduction
10.Free energy, standard free energy, ATP
11.Glycolysis
chemistry, energy, purpose, regulation
12.Gluconeogenesis, PPP, glycogen metabolism
chemistry, energy, purpose, regulation
13.Citric acid cycle
chemistry, energy, purpose, regulation
14.Electron transport, ATP synthase, P/O ratio
15. purpose of light reactions, dark reactions
16. energetics of FA synthesis and degradation
17. nitrogen processing, catabolism of AA
18. medical applications of nucleotide
metabolism
19. nucleic acid structure on atomic level
Major Principles
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Chemical Structure
Structure-Function relationship
Thermodynamics of reactions
Kinetics (catalysis) of reactions
Cofactors and high energy bonds
Purpose/outcomes of process
Regulation of pathway related to purpose
Major Enzymes
• You should be able to figure out what many
enzymes do by their names IF you know your
basic biochemistry
– Substrate structures
– Dehydrogenase, carboxylase, kinase, protease,
phosphorylase, phosphatase
Key Metabolites
• Know structures; associate with pathway
• Glucose, glucose-6-P, DHAP, PEP, pyruvate,
acetyl CoA, ribulose, UDP-glucose, glycogen,
oxaloacetate, a-ketoglutarate
• Amino acids, nucleotides