Download Class Topics - Seneca High School

5/23/2017
Title:
Biology
3/22/07
Objectives:
To learn about how proteins are formed and the central dogma of
biology.
Class Topics
• Hand in W.S. 10.1 before the bell rings
• Chapter 10 notes
– RNA review
– Protein synthesis
“Let the farmer forevermore be honored in his calling; for
they who labor in the earth are the chosen people of God.”
Thomas Jefferson
National Agriculture Week 2007
Tuesday, May 23, 2017 8:34 AM
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Class Assignments
What
•
•
•
•
Read 208-214
W.S. 10.1
W.S. 10.1 (SS/DL)
Chapter 10 Quiz 1
By When
3/22/07
3/22/07
4/2/07
4/4/07
• Due this class period
• Due next class period
• Due in the future
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Grade Sheet
Assignments
Your
score
Points
possible
Your
total
score
Total
points
possible
Chapter 8 Test
99
580
Natural Selection and Allele
Frequency lab
10
590
W.S. 9.1
10
600
Chapter 9 Quiz 1
33
633
Tuning in to radioisotopes
10
643
Lab –Doublin’ DNA
10
653
W.S. 9.2
10
663
Percentage
grade
2A – p. 157 (5 pts.)
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RNA
• Ribonucleic Acid
• Carries out the
instructions coded for
by DNA
• Differences between
RNA and DNA
– Ribose is the sugar
– Single stranded
– Uracil - not thymine bonds with Adenine
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Types of
RNA
• Messenger RNA
– mRNA takes DNA
“instructions” to
ribosomes
• Transfer RNA
– tRNA brings amino acids
to ribosomes
• Ribosomal RNA
– rRNA makes up a part of
each ribosome
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• Proteins are manufactured
on ribosomes
Protein • Proteins are made from
Synthesis
polypeptides
• Polypeptides are made from
the 20 amino acids
(monomer of protein)
– The order and number of
amino acids determines the
protein’s properties
– DNA determines the order
of amino acids because it’s
the template
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Genetic
Code
• Language of instructions
for DNA and RNA
• Only 4 letters (ACTG)yet 20 amino acids
• Is it read in groups of 1,
2, 3, or 4?
• 41
• 42
• 43
• 44
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Codons
• DNA is read in groups
of 3 nucleotides - called
a codon
• Each codon represents
an amino acid
• AUGGGGUUUCACACUUGGUGA
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Protein
synthesis
(Steps)
Transcription
• 1. RNA polymerase
attaches to DNA
• 2. RNA pol. causes DNA
to separate into 2
strands (unzip a short
length)
• 3. DNA makes mRNA
(transcription)
– mRNA complementary
bases attach to DNA
• 4. mRNA leaves nucleus
- through nuclear pores
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Protein
synthesis
Translation
Virtual Cell Animation
• 5. mRNA travels down ER
to area of ribosomes (or
out to free-floating
ribosomes)
• 6. Ribosome (rRNA and
protein) moves along mRNA
translating the message
• 7. tRNA brings appropriate
amino acid to mRNA (at
ribosome) - peptide bonds
formed between amino
acids
– Appropriate amino acid
determined by codon
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Protein
synthesis
• 8. tRNA leaves amino
acid
• 9. Protein released
• 10. mRNA breaks apart
• Central Dogma
From: http://esg-www.mit.edu:8001/
esgbio/dogma/dogma.html
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Peptide bonds
Page: 13