Download Cell Organelles

Cell Organelles
AS Human Biology
Miss Tagore
Learning Outcomes
• To understand the structure and
function of cell organelles
• To be able to recognise cell
organelles by their description
How does a cell resemble a city?
What is a cell?
A cell is the basic unit of life, from which
larger structures such as tissue and organs
are made.
Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria,
consist of just a single cell.
Multicellular organisms consists of many
cells – humans are made from an estimated
50 trillion cells!
Specialised cells
• Most plants and animals are multicellular. The human body is
made up of around 200 different types of cell, all working
together.
• Most cells are specialised, meaning that each type of cell has
a specific structure and function.
• All cells with a nucleus contain the same genes, but different
cells activate different genes so they only produce the
proteins they need.
• However, all cells have certain common features and
structures called organelles.
Animal Cell Ultra structure
Plasma
membrane
Animal Cell Ultra structure
Cytoplasm
Animal Cell Ultra structure
Mitochondrion
Produces ATP
by aerobic
respiration
Animal Cell Ultra structure
Nuclear
membrane
Animal Cell Ultra structure
Pore
Animal Cell Ultra structure
Nucleolus
Synthesis of
RNA and
ribosomes
Animal Cell Ultra structure
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Synthesis and
transport of
proteins for
export
Animal Cell Ultra structure
Ribosomes
Site of protein
synthesis
Animal Cell Ultra structure
Golgi Body
Packages
complex
molecules for
secretion
Animal Cell Ultra structure
Golgi Vesicle
Encloses and
transports
molecules
Animal Cell Ultra structure
Lysosome
Contains
digestive
enzymes
Animal Cell Ultra structure
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Synthesis and
transport of
lipids
Animal Cell Ultra structure
Small
vacuole
Animal Cell Ultra structure
Centriole
Involved in the
formation of
spindle fibres
Animal Cell Ultra structure
Fluid filled
pinocytic
vesicle
Name
Nucleus & Nucleolus
Cytoplasm
Rough
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosome
Function
Controls activities of the cell, contains the genetic
information , nucleolus makes ribosomes
Site of chemical reactions
Transport of proteins (rough ER also provides a large
surface area for attachment of ribosomes )
Site of protein synthesis
Golgi Body
Processes and packages materials for secretion
Lysosomes
Contains powerful degradation enzymes
Mitochondrion
Centriole
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
Site of aerobic respiration , powerhouse of the cell
Organises spindle fibres during nuclear division
Controls entry and exit of materials
Cell structures
• Golgi Apparatus
• Packages and secretes complex
molecules
• Secretory Vesicles
• Move to the surface of the
cell and discharge contents.
• Mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Large Surface area for
transport of lipids
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Large surface area for
transport of proteins.
• Ribosomes
• Site of Protein synthesis
• Nucleus
• Controls all cell activities.
Contains DNA and mRNA.
• Centrioles
• Involved in spindle fibre formation
during mitosis/meiosis
• Lysosomes
• Contains powerful enzymes which
digest redundant structures.
• Cytoplasm
• Fluid in which many complex
chemical reactions take place
What am I ?
Organelles
Organelles
• I am surrounded by a double-membrane, I
am the site of respiration reactions called
the Krebs' cycle and oxidative
phosphorylation, I make ATP. I evolved
from bacteria many millions of years ago. I
have my own DNA. What am I?
The mitochondrion
Organelles
• I am a membrane-bound organelle, I am
involved in preparing protein for
secretion, I am named after an Italian
scientist. What am I?
The Golgi body
Organelles
• I am a formed when the ends of Golgi
body pinches off, I move towards the cell
membrane, I contain protein that is about
to be secreted. What am I?
Golgi vesicle
Organelles
• I am membrane-bound, I am studded with
ribosomes, I make protein that is locked
inside my centre. What am I?
Rough E.R.
Organelles
• I am formed when the cell membrane folds
inwards, I contain food that is digested by
the cell. What am I?
Phagocytotic vesicle
Organelles
• I am membrane-bound and do many jobs,
some of the involve getting rid of toxic
substances, I contain the enzyme
catalase. What am I?
Peroxisome
Organelles
• I am a small pore around the control
centre of the cell, I allow messages used
to make protein to get into the cytoplasm.
What am I?
Nuclear pore
Organelles
• I can be found on vesicles or free in the
cytoplasm, I am the site of protein
synthesis. I am not really an organelle.
What am I?
Ribosomes
Organelles
• I am not really an organelle, I am flexible
and surrounded many organelles. What
am I?
Membrane
Organelles
• I am used to separate chromosomes
during mitosis and meiosis, I am set of two
protein chains arranged at 90° to each
other. What am I?
centriole
Organelles
• I am part of the nucleus, I make
ribosomes. What am I?
nucleolus