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Transcript
Chapter 3 Cells Under the Microscope Anton van Leeuwenhoek (16321723) - First to see “animalcules” in pond water The Cell Theory 1. Made of 1 or more cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit. 3. All cells come from other cells. All Cells Have Cell Membrane: Surrounds Cell Cytoplasm: Water-like inside DNA: Genetic material Ribosomes: Make Proteins Cell Size Smalls cells More efficient Two Basic Cell Types Prokaryote Eukaryote Size Small Large DNA No nucleus Within nucleus Organelles No organelles Membrane-bound organelles Body Type Unicellular Unicellular or Multicellular Prokaryote Bacteria Smallest simplest cells Cell Wall: Surrounds cell membrane & provides structural support Flagellum: Long threadlike structures that enable movement Organelle Membrane-bound structures that carries out specific activities in the cell. “Little organs” They Both Have Nucleus Contain DNA Nucleolus: Where ribosomes are made Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Membrane bound Rough ER: Has Ribosomes Makes Proteins Smooth ER: Makes Lipids Golgi Apparatus Golgi processes & packages into vesicles (small sac used for moving things around the cell) Distributes vesicles for use inside cell or exported outside cell Mitochondria Makes ATP (energy) from breaking down food Surrounded by membranes, contain DNA & ribosomes Came from prokaryotes (endosymbiosis) Lysosomes Contains special enzymes for digestion in the cell. Animal Cells Can Also Have Hair-like structures used for cell movement Flagella: Like those found in bacteria Plant Cells Cell Wall Surrounds & supports cell Maintains cell shape Protects Connects to other cells Chloroplasts Uses sunlight to make sugar. Provide energy for cell. Surrounded by double membrane, contains DNA. Came from prokaryotes (endosymbiosis) Vacuole Large sac that stores water & other substances Full makes cell rigid Cell Analogy