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Ch. 7-3 and 7-4 Vocabulary 1. Cell membrane Google.com Dictionary.com the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. the semipermeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell. 2. Cell wall Google.com Dictionary.com a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose. the definite boundary or wall that is part of the outer structure of certain cells, as a plant cell. 3. Lipid bilayer Google.com Dictionary.com a thin polar membrane a two-layered made of two layers of arrangement of lipid molecules. These phosphate and lipid membranes are flat molecules that form a sheets that form a cell membrane, the continuous barrier hydrophobic lipid ends around all cells. facing inward and the hydrophilic phosphate ends facing outward. 4. Concentration Google.com Dictionary.com the relative amount a measure of the of a given substance amount of dissolved contained within a substance contained solution or in a per unit of volume. particular volume of space; the amount of solute per unit volume of solution 5. Diffusion Google.com Dictionary.com the movement of The movement of molecules from a atoms or molecules high concentration from an area of to a low higher concentration concentration. Many to an area of lower molecules diffuse concentration. across cell membranes. 6. Equilibrium Google.com Dictionary.com equal balance between any powers, influences, etc.; equality of effect. 7. Osmosis Google.com Dictionary.com a process by which the tendency of a fluid, molecules of a solvent usually water, to pass tend to pass through a through a semipermeable semipermeable membrane membrane into a solution from a less concentrated where the solvent solution into a more concentration is higher, concentrated one, thus thus equalizing the equalizing the concentrations of concentrations on each materials on either side of side of the membrane the membrane. 8. Isotonic Google.com denoting or relating to a solution having the same osmotic pressure as some other solution, especially one in a cell or a body fluid. Dictionary.com 9. Hypertonic Google.com In biology, a hypertonic solution is one with a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell. Dictionary.com 10. Hypotonic Google.com A hypotonic solution is any solution that has a lower osmotic pressure than another solution. In the biological fields, this generally refers to a solution that has less solute and more water than another solution. Dictionary.com 11. Facilitated diffusion Google.com Dictionary.com the process of a process by which spontaneous passive substances are transport (as opposed transported across cell to active transport) of membranes by means molecules or ions of protein carrier across a biological molecules membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins. 12. Active transport Google.com Dictionary.com the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy. the movement of ions or molecules across a cellular membrane from a lower to a higher concentration, requiring the consumption of energy. 13. Endocytosis Google.com Dictionary.com the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole. A process of cellular ingestion by which the plasma membrane folds inward to bring substances into the cell 14. Phagocytosis Google.com Dictionary.com the ingestion of bacteria or the ingestion of a smaller other material by cell or cell fragment, a phagocytes and amoeboid microorganism, or foreign protozoans particles by means of the local infolding of a cell's membrane and the protrusion of its cytoplasm around the fold until the material has been surrounded and engulfed by closure of the membrane and formation of a vacuole 15. Pinocytosis Google.com Dictionary.com the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane. the transport of fluid into a cell by means of local infoldings by the cell membrane so that a tiny vesicle or sac forms around each droplet, which is then taken into the interior of the cytoplasm. 16. Exocytosis Google.com Dictionary.com a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. the transport of material out of a cell by means of a sac or vesicle that first engulfs the material and then is extruded through an opening in the cell membrane 17. Cell specialization Google.com Dictionary.com 18. Tissue Google.com Dictionary.com any of the distinct an aggregate of types of material of similar cells and cell which animals or products forming a plants are made, definite kind of consisting of structural material specialized cells and with a specific their products. function, in a multicellular organism 19. Organ Google.com Dictionary.com a part of an organism that is typically selfcontained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans. a grouping of tissues into a distinct structure, as a heart or kidney in animals or a leaf or stamen in plants, that performs a specialized task. 20. Organ system Google.com a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. Dictionary.com