Download Ch. 7-3 and 7-4 Vocabulary

Ch. 7-3 and 7-4 Vocabulary
1. Cell membrane
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the
semipermeable
membrane
surrounding the
cytoplasm of a
cell.
the
semipermeable
membrane
enclosing the
cytoplasm of a
cell.
2. Cell wall
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a rigid layer of
polysaccharides lying
outside the plasma
membrane of the
cells of plants, fungi,
and bacteria. In the
algae and higher
plants, it consists
mainly of cellulose.
the definite
boundary or wall
that is part of the
outer structure of
certain cells, as a
plant cell.
3. Lipid bilayer
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a thin polar membrane
a two-layered
made of two layers of
arrangement of
lipid molecules. These
phosphate and lipid
membranes are flat
molecules that form a
sheets that form a
cell membrane, the
continuous barrier
hydrophobic lipid ends
around all cells.
facing inward and the
hydrophilic phosphate
ends facing outward.
4. Concentration
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the relative amount
a measure of the
of a given substance amount of dissolved
contained within a substance contained
solution or in a
per unit of volume.
particular volume of
space; the amount
of solute per unit
volume of solution
5. Diffusion
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the movement of
The movement of
molecules from a
atoms or molecules
high concentration
from an area of
to a low
higher concentration
concentration. Many to an area of lower
molecules diffuse
concentration.
across cell
membranes.
6. Equilibrium
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equal balance
between any
powers,
influences, etc.;
equality of effect.
7. Osmosis
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a process by which
the tendency of a fluid,
molecules of a solvent
usually water, to pass
tend to pass through a
through a semipermeable
semipermeable membrane membrane into a solution
from a less concentrated
where the solvent
solution into a more
concentration is higher,
concentrated one, thus
thus equalizing the
equalizing the
concentrations of
concentrations on each
materials on either side of
side of the membrane
the membrane.
8. Isotonic
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denoting or
relating to a
solution having
the same osmotic
pressure as some
other solution,
especially one in a
cell or a body fluid.
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9. Hypertonic
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In biology, a
hypertonic
solution is one
with a higher
concentration of
solutes outside the
cell than inside the
cell.
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10. Hypotonic
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A hypotonic solution is
any solution that has a
lower osmotic pressure
than another solution.
In the biological fields,
this generally refers to
a solution that has less
solute and more water
than another solution.
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11. Facilitated diffusion
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the process of
a process by which
spontaneous passive
substances are
transport (as opposed transported across cell
to active transport) of membranes by means
molecules or ions
of protein carrier
across a biological
molecules
membrane via specific
transmembrane
integral proteins.
12. Active transport
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the movement of
ions or molecules
across a cell
membrane into a
region of higher
concentration,
assisted by enzymes
and requiring
energy.
the movement of
ions or molecules
across a cellular
membrane from a
lower to a higher
concentration,
requiring the
consumption of
energy.
13. Endocytosis
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the taking in of
matter by a living
cell by invagination
of its membrane to
form a vacuole.
A process of cellular
ingestion by which
the plasma
membrane folds
inward to bring
substances into the
cell
14. Phagocytosis
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the ingestion of bacteria or the ingestion of a smaller
other material by
cell or cell fragment, a
phagocytes and amoeboid microorganism, or foreign
protozoans
particles by means of the
local infolding of a cell's
membrane and the
protrusion of its cytoplasm
around the fold until the
material has been
surrounded and engulfed
by closure of the
membrane and formation
of a vacuole
15. Pinocytosis
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the ingestion of liquid
into a cell by the
budding of small
vesicles from the cell
membrane.
the transport of fluid
into a cell by means of
local infoldings by the
cell membrane so that
a tiny vesicle or sac
forms around each
droplet, which is then
taken into the interior
of the cytoplasm.
16. Exocytosis
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a process by which
the contents of a cell
vacuole are released
to the exterior
through fusion of
the vacuole
membrane with the
cell membrane.
the transport of
material out of a cell
by means of a sac or
vesicle that first
engulfs the material
and then is extruded
through an opening
in the cell
membrane
17. Cell specialization
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18. Tissue
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any of the distinct
an aggregate of
types of material of similar cells and cell
which animals or
products forming a
plants are made,
definite kind of
consisting of
structural material
specialized cells and
with a specific
their products.
function, in a
multicellular
organism
19. Organ
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a part of an
organism that is
typically selfcontained and has a
specific vital
function, such as the
heart or liver in
humans.
a grouping of tissues
into a distinct
structure, as a heart
or kidney in animals
or a leaf or stamen
in plants, that
performs a
specialized task.
20. Organ system
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a group of organs
that work together
to perform one or
more functions.
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