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Transcript
Cell Transport Cell Membranes help maintain homeostasis by controlling what substances enter and leave cell. The movement of substances may or may not require energy. Diffusion the process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentratiion, to areas of low concentration Animation Osmosis The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. (Think of the diffusion of the smell of perfume through the air) Types of Solutions Isotonic – equal concentration inside and outside a cell Hypotonic – concentration of a dissolved substance is higher inside the cell than outside; water moves into the cell Hypertonic – concentration of a dissolved substance is higher outside the cell than inside; water moves out of the cell Concentration Gradient Difference between the concentration inside a cell and outside cell. Particles naturally move with the concentration gradient which is from high to low concentration trying to achieve a balance. (floating downstream) Against concentration gradient means from low to high (rowing up stream) Passive Transport Moves a substance with the concentration gradient; Requires no energy input from the cell (passive = no energy) Passive Transport Diffusion - net movement of substances from an area of high to low concentration. Osmosis – diffusion of water Facilitated diffusion – assisted by transport proteins; from high to low concentration; no energy required Active Transport Moves a substance against the concentration gradient Reqires energy input from the cell (active = energy) Active Transport Movement of large particles that requires energy occurs through endocytosis and exocytosis. Exocytosis - particles “spit out” by cell (vacuole becomes part of cell membrane) Endocytosis – particles surrounded and taken into a cell (forms vacuole) Types of Endocytosis Phagocytosis “cell eating” taking in of larger particles or even whole cells Pinocytosis “cell drinking” taking in of fluids or solutes Cell Membrane Pumps Carrier Proteins that move substances against their concentration gradient.