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Transcript
Do Now Study #2 for quiz on Pro vs. Euk Cells Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell Organelles Organelles • Very small (Microscopic) • Perform various functions for a cell • Found in the cytoplasm • May or may not be membranebound Animal Cell Organelles Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear envelope Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Ribosome (attached) Ribosome (free) Cell Membrane Mitochondrion Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Centrioles 5 Plant Cell Organelles 6 Cell or Plasma Membrane WHAT it is: • • Controls what enters or leaves the cell Composed of double layer of phosphoLIPIDS and proteins Its FOUND in: • ALL CELLS FACTORY: • • Security Guard Gate around the Factory Outside of cell Proteins Carbohydrate chains Cell membrane Inside of cell Protein channel Lipid bilayer 7 Phospholipids • Tails = HATE water • Heads = LOVE water • Hydrophillic Heads contain Glycerol & Phosphate (WATER LOVING) • Hydrophobic Tails are made of fatty acids (WATER FEARING) • Make up a bilayer where tails point inward toward each other 8 The Cell Membrane is Fluid Molecules in cell membranes are constantly moving and changing copyright cmassengale 9 Cell Wall FUNCTION: • Supports and protects cell • Found outside of the cell membrane • Made of Cellulose FOUND In: • PLANTS ONLY FACTORY: • BRICK WALL protecting to outside of the whole factory 10 CELL WALL Cytoplasm of a Cell FUNCTION: • Watery, jelly like environment that contains all the organelles cytoplasm FOUND IN: • ALL CELLS FACTORY: • The FLOOR of the factory OR • Like the AIR in the factory 12 NUCLEUS FUNTION: • Controls the normal activities of the cell • Contains the DNA in chromosomes FOUND IN: • ALL CELLS FACTORY: • The BOSS of the factory 13 NUCLEUS 14 Inside the Nucleus The genetic material (DNA) is found DNA is spread out And appears as CHROMATIN in non-dividing cells DNA is condensed & wrapped around proteins forming as CHROMOSOMES in dividing cells 15 What Does DNA do? DNA is the hereditary material of the cell Genes that make up the DNA molecule code for different proteins 16 Mitochondria FUNCTION: • “Powerhouse” of the cell • Generate cellular energy (ATP) • Site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION (breaks down glucose to give the cell energy) FOUND IN: • ALL CELLS FACTORY: • POWERPLANT of the factory • The FURNACE burning coal for energy 17 MITOCHONDRIA IMPORTANT: Folded shape increases the surface area for more reactions (= MORE ATP CREATED) 18 MITOCHONDRIA 19 Chloroplasts FUNCTION: • Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose) during Photosynthesis • Are green because of CHLOROPHYLL FOUND IN: • PLANTS ONLY! FACTORY: • Solar energy panels • Coal burned by furnace (mitichondria) for energy CHLOROPLAST FUNCTION: Ribosomes • Makes PROTEINS!!! • • • “Protein factories” for cell Join amino acids to make proteins (called protein synthesis) Can be: free or attached (to the ER) FOUND IN: • ALL CELLS FACTORY: • The WORKERS RIBOSOMES 23 Vacuoles FUNCTION: • Storage compartment in cells • Plant cells have a LARGE Central Vacuole • Small or absent in animal cells FOUND IN: • Large vacuole in PLANTS FACTORY: • Storage closet or warehouse VACUOLE Endoplasmic Reticulum - ER FUNTION: • Transport chemicals between cells and within cells • Provides large surface area for chemical reactions to occur • Two Kinds: – Rough = has ribosomes – Smooth = no ribosomes FOUND IN: • ALL CELLS FACTORY: • Assembly line of the factory Endomembrane System Includes nuclear membrane connected to ER connected to cell membrane (transport) copyright cmassengale 27 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM 28 Golgi Bodies FUNCTION: • Sort and packages the products of the cell for transport within and out of the cell • Looks like a stack of pancakes! FOUND IN: • ALL CELLS FACTORY: • Postal Office • Mail Room GOLGI APPARATUS 30 Golgi Animation Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the cell membrane by VESICLES copyright cmassengale 31 Lysosomes • FUNCTION: • Digest and get rid of worn out cell parts and invaders • Do this with ENZYMES! • FOUND IN: • Mostly ANIMALS (some plants) • FACTORY: • Janitors • Wrecking ball Centrioles FUNTION: • Help move chromosomes (DNA) during cell division FOUND IN: • ANIMALS ONLY! FACTORY: • Like CRANES used to moves stuff around the factory 33 Centrioles & the Mitotic Spindle Made of MICROTUBULES (Tubulin) copyright cmassengale 34 CENTRIOLES 35 Cilia & Flagella • FUNCTION: • Moving cells, in moving fluids, or in small particles across the cell surface • FOUND IN: all cells • FACTORY: • The maintenance trucks that drive the workers around the factory Cell Movement with Cilia & Flagella Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells Cell Wall Chloroplasts 1 Large Vacuole No Centrioles Lysosomes are rare Centrioles Lysosomes are common Several Small Vacuoles No Cell Wall No Chloroplasts