Download Cells PPt

THE
CELL
The Cell Theory
1. All living organisms are made of cells.
Protist cells
Skin cells
Bacteria cells
Plant cells
2. Cells are the basic units of
structure and function.
Red Blood
Cells
Skin Cells
Nerve Cells
Their shape relates to their job!
3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
Two Types of Cells
• Prokaryote- simple cell without a
nucleus or membrane bound
organelles
• Ex.
• Archeabacteria
• Eubacteria
Two Types of Cells
• Eukaryotecomplex cell with a
well defined
nucleus and
membrane bound
organelles
• Ex. Plants and
animals
Present in all cells
1. Cell Membrane
Present in all cells
2. Cytoplasm
Present in all cells
3. Ribosome
4. DNA
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT
AND ANIMAL CELLS
Animal
Type of Cell
Eukaryotic
Organelles
and Cell
Parts
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Golgi Apparatus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Vacuole
Vesicles
• Lysosome
• Centrioles
Plant
Eukaryotic
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Golgi Apparatus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Vacuole
Vesicles
• Central Vacuole
• Cell Wall
• Chloroplast
Cell Membrane
Controls what enters and exits the cell
The Organelles
• Microfilaments & Microtubules
* Provide support, the cytoskeleton (movement of organelles.
Nucleus
Control center of the cell…acts like the brain or boss.
Contains cell’s DNA
The Organelles
• Nucleolus
* Produces ribosome
The Organelles
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
* The cells transport system
The Organelles
• Ribosomes (free and attached)
• Produce proteins
*Think Ribs……UMMM!
The Organelles
• Golgi Body/Apparatus
*
Packages proteins
Vesicles
• Transports things around the cell like a
vehicle does for us.
The Organelles
• Mitochondria
* Cells energy producer (glucose  ATP)
The Organelles
• Vacuole
* Stores water and water soluble materials.
The Organelles
• Lysosome
* Contains strong digestive enzymes
The Organelles
• Centrioles
* Aid
in moving chromosomes during cell division
Cell Wall
• Provides support and protection for the
plant cell (RIGID)
The Organelles
• Chloroplast
* Store chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Cytoplasm
• Jelly-like substance that holds
organelles in place. Cytosol.
LIMITS TO CELL SIZE
• Must maintain a workable surface area to
volume ratio (the volume increases faster
than the surface area)
• DNA can only “produce” a specific amount
of protein
• Rate of intracellular diffusion is inversely
proportional to cell volume
Cell Size Comparison on the internet
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/