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Transcript
Cell Structures, Functions and Transport COMMON CELL TRAITS A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. COMPARING CELLS The size & shape of a cell relates to its function. (job it does) Prokaryotic Cells (proh KAYR ee yah tihk) cells without membranebound structures EX: bacteria pond scum Eukaryotic Cells (yew KAYR ee yah tihk) cells with membrane-bound structures EX: animals, plants, fungi and protists Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Go to Section: Cell Membrane Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Nucleus 1. 1. 2. 3. Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: Holds the DNA Directs all cell activities Contains instructions for everything the cell does Parts: Nucleolus: 1. dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes Nuclear Membrane: 1. separates nucleus from cytoplasm 2. controls movement of materials in & out of nucleus Cell Membrane Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells For cells with cell walls, the cell membrane is inside the cell wall Function: Protects the cell, and allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell. Cytoplasm gelatin-like inside cell membrane constantly flows Also known as protoplasm Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Go to Section: Ribosomes Cell Membrane Ribosomes Ribosomes 2. Function: makes proteins Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic Float freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 3. Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery system of the cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Go to Section: Ribosomes Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types: 1. Rough ER: 2. Rough appearance because it has ribosomes Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Function: makes fats or lipids Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Go to Section: Ribosomes Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi bodies Golgi Complex 4. Nickname: The shippers Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell Appearance: stack of pancakes Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Go to Section: Ribosomes Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Lysosomes 5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes) The word "lysosome" is Latin for "kill body.“ Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: digest things; digest food or break down the cell when it dies. Break down food molecules, cell wastes & worn out cell parts Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosomes Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Mitochondria 6. Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Energy production Breaks down food to make ATP ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosomes Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Centrioles Centrioles: cylindrical structures that are composed of groupings of microtubules. Function: found in animal cells and play a role in cell division. Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!! Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Plant Cell Vacuole Cell Membrane Go to Section: Vacuoles Vacuoles 7. Function: stores water This is what makes lettuce crisp When there is no water, the plant wilts Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Go to Section: Chloroplasts Chloroplasts 8. Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment Chloroplasts Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Go to Section: Cell Wall Cell Wall 9. Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells Is made of cellulose Found in plants, algae, fungi, and most bacteria. Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleolus Golgi Bodies Nucleus Mitochondria Rough ER Comparing Plant and Animal Cells Plant Animal