Download Cells - Miss Gerges

Cell Structures, Functions and
Transport
COMMON CELL TRAITS

A cell is the smallest unit that is capable
of performing life functions.
COMPARING CELLS
The size & shape
of a cell relates
to its function.
(job it does)
Prokaryotic Cells
(proh KAYR ee yah tihk)


cells without membranebound structures
EX: bacteria
pond scum
Eukaryotic Cells
(yew KAYR ee yah tihk)


cells with
membrane-bound
structures
EX: animals,
plants, fungi and
protists
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Go to
Section:
Cell Membrane
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Nucleus
1.


1.
2.
3.
Nickname: “The Control Center”
Function:
Holds the DNA
Directs all cell activities
Contains instructions for everything the cell does
Parts:
Nucleolus:
1.
dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make
ribosomes
Nuclear Membrane:
1.
separates nucleus from cytoplasm
2.
controls movement of materials in & out of nucleus
Cell Membrane


Outer covering, protective
layer around ALL cells
For cells with cell walls, the
cell membrane is inside the
cell wall

Function: Protects the cell,
and allows food, oxygen, &
water into the cell & waste
products out of the cell.
Cytoplasm



gelatin-like inside
cell membrane
constantly flows
Also known as
protoplasm
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
Ribosomes
2.




Function: makes
proteins
Found in all cells,
prokaryotic and
eukaryotic
Float freely or attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes are made in the
nucleolus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
3.


Nickname: “Roads”
Function: The internal delivery system of the
cell
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum

2 Types:
1. Rough ER:


2.
Rough appearance because it has
ribosomes
Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it
has ribosomes
Smooth ER:


NO ribosomes
Function: makes fats or lipids
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Complex
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi bodies
Golgi Complex
4.



Nickname: The shippers
Function: packages, modifies, and
transports materials to different location
inside/outside of the cell
Appearance: stack of pancakes
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Lysosomes
5.
Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than
ribosomes)
The word "lysosome" is Latin for "kill body.“

Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
 Function: digest things; digest food or break
down the cell when it dies.
Break down food molecules, cell wastes & worn
out cell parts
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
6.


Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
Function: Energy production

Breaks down food to make ATP

ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that
require energy
Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria
Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Centrioles
Centrioles: cylindrical
structures that are
composed of groupings
of microtubules.
Function: found in
animal cells and play a
role in cell division.

Now let’s talk about structures only
found in PLANT Cells!!
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Plant Cell
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Go to
Section:
Vacuoles
Vacuoles
7.

Function: stores water

This is what makes lettuce crisp

When there is no water, the plant wilts
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Go to
Section:
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
8.


Function: traps energy from the sun to
produce food for the plant cell
Green in color because of chlorophyll,
which is a green pigment
Chloroplasts
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Go to
Section:
Cell Wall
Cell Wall
9.




Function: provides support and
protection to the cell membrane
Found outside the cell membrane in plant
cells
Is made of cellulose
Found in plants, algae, fungi, and most
bacteria.
Plant Cell
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Smooth ER
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Golgi Bodies
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough ER
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Plant
Animal