Download Cell Processes

Vocabulary Words
 Solution
 Solute
 Solvent
 Concentration
 Homeostasis
 Hypertonic
 Hypotonic
 Isotonic
 Permeable
Selectively Permeable
 What did the strainer allow to pass through?
 If the strainer is “permeable” to water & sugar, what
does permeable mean?
 What could not pass through the strainer?
 If the strainer is “impermeable” to pennies &
paperclips, what does impermeable mean?
 What do you think selectively permeable means?
 What about semi-permeable?
Homeostasis
 Homeo = same
 Stasis = condition
A biological balance
A process in which organisms maintain
an internal balance (equilibrium)
Cell Membrane
NERVE CELL
Gap between cells
Cell membrane {
}
cell membrane
7nm wide
NERVE CELL
7
Cell Membrane
Proteins
Protein
Channel
Carbohydrate
Chains
Lipid
Bilayer
Lipid Bilayer
Lipid Bilayer
+
_
 Phosphate head is polar
 Hydrophilic end
 Fatty Acid tails are nonpolar
 Hydrophobic end
Hydro = water
Phobic = fear
Phillic = loving
Construction of the Cell Membrane
How could proteins help some molecules
pass through the membrane?
Proteins
Protein
Channel
Carbohydrate
Chains
Lipid
Bilayer
Solutions
 What does the sugar/food coloring represent?
 Solute
 What does the water represent?
 Solvent
 Which solution has a greater concentration of solute?
 Which solution has more solvent?
Solutions
 Hyper = above (high)
 Iso = same (equal)
 Hypo = below (low)
 Tonic = strength
 Hypertonic?
 Hypotonic?
 Isotonic?
Molecule Transport Across Cell
Membranes
TYPE
Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated
Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY NEEDED
ACTIVE or PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
Active Transport
Passive Transport
 Process that requires energy
 Process that does NOT
to move materials across cell
membranes against a
concentration gradient
requires energy to move
materials across cell
membranes against a
concentration gradient
 Diffusion of WATER (solvent) across a selectively
permeable membrane
Osmosis
Hypertonic
• Above/High
• Solution with the higher
concentration of solute
Isotonic
• Same/Equal
• Solutions have the same
concentration of a solute
Hypotonic
• Below/Low
• Solution with the lower
concentration of solute
Osmosis
 What happens to cells placed in an isotonic solution?
 Water moves in & out equally; stay same size
 What happens to cells placed in a hypertonic
solution?
 Water moves out of cell
 Animal cells shrink; Plant cells shrink or wilt
 What happens to cells placed in a hypotonic
solution?
 Water moves into cell
 Animal cells swell & may burst; Plant cells become more rigid
Osmosis
TAKES NO ENERGY!!
Diffusion
 How long did it take you to detect the odor?
 How did the smell get from the balloon to your
nose?
 How do you think the molecules of the vanilla
travel from the balloon to your nose? Straight line,
zig zag?
 Diffusion – movement of PARTICLES
(solute) from a region of high concentration
to a region of low concentration
Diffusion in Air
Diffusion in Water
Diffusion
 Molecules tend to move from areas of ______
high
low
concentration to areas of _______concentration.
 Is the bag or beaker more concentrated in starch?
 Is the bag or beaker more concentrated in iodine?
 Iodine Solution: is the bag or beaker hypertonic?
 Starch Solution: is the bag or beaker hypertonic?
Diffusion
 If the bag is permeable to starch, which way would the
starch move? Out of the bag
 If the bag is permeable to iodine, which way would the
iodine move? Into the bag
 Make a prediction about what you think will happen.
 Is the starch going to move out of the bag??????
 Is the iodine going to move into the bag???????
Diffusion
 Iodine is an indicator for starch.
 An indicator changes color in the presence of the
substance it indicates.
 Iodine turns blue/black in the presence of starch
 Make a prediction about what you think will happen to
the color of both solutions.
 Will the beaker solution turn colors??????
 Will the bag solution turn colors???????
Diffusion
 Which substance moved, the iodine or the starch?
 The plastic bag was permeable to which substance?
Iodine
 Why is it not a good idea to store iodine in a plastic bag?
Because iodine would leak out of bag
 What cell structure does the bag
represent? Cell Membrane
Diffusion
 What does permeable mean?
 Allows materials to pass
 Was the bag selectively permeable?
 Yes
 Why?
 It only allowed certain materials to pass
Cell Membrane
Proteins
Protein
Channel
Carbohydrate
Chains
Lipid
Bilayer
Osmosis
TAKES NO ENERGY!!
Lab Preparation
 Each team member will need to participate & take an
active part in lab
 Getter – get materials/equipment; only one to leave table!
 Shusher – make sure everyone stays on task & doesn’t get
too loud. Makes sure entire group is helping to answer
questions.
 Reader – reads lab aloud before & during lab
 Checker – make sure all questions are answered, names are
on paper, turned in, etc.
th
7 Period
Orange
Anthony, Nichole,Jaqueline, Hayden
Yellow
Ambreasha, James, Amanda, Mavricio
Green
Jazmyne, Caitlin, Heath, John
Black
Tiara, Robert, Alysse, Michael
Red
Camauni, David, Carolina, Irvin
Blue
Edwin, Ka’Deedra, Fabian, Cecelia
Potato Lab
th
6 Period
Orange
Chris, Joymina, Eduardo, Ronald
Yellow
Brandi, Nikki, Kalaya, David
Green
Leslie, Moneshia, Jerry, Qua’Vant’e
Black
Cynthia
Red
Traeveon, Eryka, Christian,Jennifer
Blue
Kevin, Tuyen, Miguel, Guillermo
th
5 Period
Orange
Eunice, Chris, Keith, Rainey
Yellow
Cecilia, Serena, Carly, Melissa
Green
Nathan, Jalestine, Elizabeth, Adam
Black
Lauren, Sabryn, Ivon, Jamie,
Dalton,
Red
Christina, Shafter, Lyndsay, Erik, Jose
Blue
Quindon, Lesly, Ray, Francisco
Active Transport
Passive Transport
 Process that requires energy
 Process that does NOT
to move materials across cell
membranes against a
concentration gradient
requires energy to move
materials across cell
membranes against a
concentration gradient
Facilitated Diffusion
Movement of molecules across a membrane
through protein channels
TAKES NO ENERGY!!
Passive Transport
Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Endocytosis
endo = inside
cyto = cell
osis = process
A process in which a
cell takes materials in by
membrane folding
ENERGY NEEDED
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
exo = outside
cyto = cell
osis = process
A process in which a
cell removes large
amounts of materials
ENERGY NEEDED
Exocytosis
Active Transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Molecule Transport Across Cell
Membranes
TYPE
Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated
Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY NEEDED
ACTIVE or PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
Molecule Transport Across Cell
Membranes
TYPE
Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated
Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
DESCRIPTION
Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
ENERGY
NEEDED
ACTIVE or PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
Molecule Transport Across Cell
Membranes
TYPE
Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated
Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY
NEEDED
Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
NO
ACTIVE or PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
Molecule Transport Across Cell
Membranes
TYPE
Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated
Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY
NEEDED
ACTIVE or PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
NO
Passive Transport
Molecule Transport Across Cell
Membranes
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY
NEEDED
ACTIVE or PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
NO
Passive Transport
Diffusion
Movement of solute from a region
of high concentration to a region of
low concentration
TYPE
Facilitated
Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Molecule Transport Across Cell
Membranes
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY
NEEDED
ACTIVE or PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
NO
Passive Transport
Diffusion
Movement of solute from a region
of high concentration to a region of
low concentration
NO
TYPE
Facilitated
Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Molecule Transport Across Cell
Membranes
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY
NEEDED
ACTIVE or PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
NO
Passive Transport
Diffusion
Movement of solute from a region
of high concentration to a region of
low concentration
NO
TYPE
Facilitated
Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Passive Transport
Molecule Transport Across Cell
Membranes
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY
NEEDED
ACTIVE or PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
NO
Passive Transport
Diffusion
Movement of solute from a region
of high concentration to a region of
low concentration
NO
TYPE
Facilitated
Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Movement of molecules across a
membrane through protein
channels
Passive Transport
Molecule Transport Across Cell
Membranes
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY
NEEDED
ACTIVE or PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
NO
Passive Transport
Diffusion
Movement of solute from a region
of high concentration to a region of
low concentration
NO
Movement of molecules across a
membrane through protein
channels
NO
TYPE
Facilitated
Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Passive Transport
Molecule Transport Across Cell
Membranes
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY
NEEDED
ACTIVE or PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
NO
Passive Transport
Diffusion
Movement of solute from a region
of high concentration to a region of
low concentration
NO
Movement of molecules across a
membrane through protein
channels
NO
TYPE
Facilitated
Diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Passive Transport
Passive Transport
Molecule Transport Across Cell
Membranes
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY
NEEDED
ACTIVE or PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
NO
Passive Transport
Diffusion
Movement of solute from a region
of high concentration to a region of
low concentration
NO
Facilitated
Diffusion
Movement of molecules across a
membrane through protein
channels
NO
Endocytosis
When cells take materials in by
membrane folding
TYPE
Exocytosis
Passive Transport
Passive Transport
Molecule Transport Across Cell
Membranes
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY
NEEDED
ACTIVE or PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
NO
Passive Transport
Diffusion
Movement of solute from a region
of high concentration to a region of
low concentration
NO
Facilitated
Diffusion
Movement of molecules across a
membrane through protein
channels
NO
Endocytosis
When cells take materials in by
membrane folding
YES
TYPE
Exocytosis
Passive Transport
Passive Transport
Molecule Transport Across Cell
Membranes
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY
NEEDED
ACTIVE or PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
NO
Passive Transport
Diffusion
Movement of solute from a region
of high concentration to a region of
low concentration
NO
Facilitated
Diffusion
Movement of molecules across a
membrane through protein
channels
NO
Endocytosis
When cells take materials in by
membrane folding
YES
TYPE
Exocytosis
Passive Transport
Passive Transport
Active Transport
Molecule Transport Across Cell
Membranes
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY
NEEDED
ACTIVE or PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
NO
Passive Transport
Diffusion
Movement of solute from a region
of high concentration to a region of
low concentration
NO
Facilitated
Diffusion
Movement of molecules across a
membrane through protein
channels
NO
Endocytosis
When cells take materials in by
membrane folding
YES
TYPE
Exocytosis
When cells remove large amounts
of materials
Passive Transport
Passive Transport
Active Transport
Molecule Transport Across Cell
Membranes
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY
NEEDED
ACTIVE or PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
NO
Passive Transport
Diffusion
Movement of solute from a region
of high concentration to a region of
low concentration
NO
Facilitated
Diffusion
Movement of molecules across a
membrane through protein
channels
NO
Endocytosis
When cells take materials in by
membrane folding
YES
When cells remove large amounts
of materials
YES
TYPE
Exocytosis
Passive Transport
Passive Transport
Active Transport
Molecule Transport Across Cell
Membranes
Transport Animations
DESCRIPTION
ENERGY
NEEDED
ACTIVE or PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
Osmosis
Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
NO
Passive Transport
Diffusion
Movement of solute from a region
of high concentration to a region of
low concentration
NO
Facilitated
Diffusion
Movement of molecules across a
membrane through protein
channels
NO
Endocytosis
When cells take materials in by
membrane folding
YES
When cells remove large amounts
of materials
YES
TYPE
Exocytosis
Passive Transport
Passive Transport
Active Transport
Active Transport
 Would you consider cells to be simple or complex?
 How did cells become so complex?
 Endo = within
 Symbiosis = 2 organisms living together
 What does endosymbiosis mean?
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter
4/animation_-_endosymbiosis.html
Endosymbiotic Theory
 Page 427
 Proposes that eukaryotic (have nuclei) cells arose
from living communities formed by prokaryotic
(no nuclei) organisms.
Endosymbiotic Theory
 Mitochondria & Chloroplasts are very similar to
prokaryotic bacteria
 DNA
 Ribosomes
 Reproduce by binary fission
 2 membranes
Endosymbiotic Theory
OM NOM NOM NOM
The endosymbiotic theory suggests that eukaryotes
developed when a prokaryotic cell was engulfed by
another prokaryotic cell & continued living inside the
other cell. One piece of evidence for this is that some
organelles have their own DNA. Which of these
organelles has its own DNA and is thought to have
developed in this way?
A. Cell membrane
B. Mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Vacuole
Elodea Plasmolysis