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Transcript
Welcome to Unit 2: Structure & Function • Write down homework 1) Bring in materials for membrane model! 2) Homework & Quiz on Friday - worksheet? - questions? - vocab story? • Check out your bacterial plates! Who had the most? Are you surprised? How does bacteria infect your cell? What do you remember? Use the cut-outs to label the function of each membrane component You’re Building your Model Today! Get out your White Sheet HMWK: option due: worksheet? Text outline + questions? Quiz on cell membrane tomorrow Model is DUE tomorrow! 10/20: let’s get organized 1) Get out your yellow packet Write your name on it! 2) Write down you homework HMWK: option due on Thursday or Friday Quiz on transport on the block (R or F) Cell Boundaries Every cell is surrounded by a liquid environment and has a liquid inside Two types of boundaries separate: – Cell membrane (inner) • Thin, flexible layer that surrounds all cells – Cell wall (outer) • Strong supporting layer outside the cell membrane • Only in some organisms (plants, algae, fungi, prokaryotes) • Porous FUNCTION of Cell Membrane • Regulates what goes in and what comes out of a cell – Like a fence or a window screen – Regulation depends on size, concentrations, and the type of molecule trying to get through • Protects cell • Supports cell, but also flexible Types of Transport ACTIVE requires Energy Ion Pumps Exocystosis Endocytosis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqKlL m2MjkI (4:02) osmosis rap PASSIVE Does not need energy Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKPdnE6BGew • How to make an onion slide Figure 7-12 The Structure of the Cell Membrane http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULR79TiUj80 Section 7-3 Outside of cell Carbohydrate chains Proteins Cell membrane Inside of cell (cytoplasm) Protein channel Lipid bilayer Pre-Class Questions Write in Notebook…I will call on you! • Why is it necessary to regulate what goes in and out of a cell? • What are some examples of substances that enter a cell? Leave a cell? • What does the term concentration mean? – Provide an example to explain concentration FUNCTION of Cell Membrane • Regulates what goes in and what comes out of a cell – Regulation depends on size, – concentrations, – type of molecule trying to get through • Protects cell • Supports cell, but also flexible Cell Boundaries Everything has a Cell membrane (inner) Some stuff has a Cell wall (outer) • Strong & rigid • Only in some organisms (plants, algae, fungi, prokaryotes) Figure 7-12 The Structure of the Cell Membrane Section 7-3 Fluid Mosaic Model • Lipid bilayer – double layer of molecules – Lipids are a certain class of C-H molecules – Do not like water ( think of oil + water) – the “tails” – The “heads” are polar molecules • • • • Has proteins throughout Can have carbohydrate “ID tags” Moveable/fluid Selectively Permeable Proteins Cell membrane Inside of cell (cytoplasm) Protein channel Carbohydrate chains Lipid bilayer Figure 7-12 The Structure of the Cell Membrane Section 7-3 Fluid Mosaic Model • Lipid bilayer – double layer of molecules – Lipids are a certain class of C-H molecules – HYDROPHOBIC: • Do not like water ( think of oil + water) – the “tails” – HYDROPHILIC: • The “heads” are polar molecules • Selectively Permeable Proteins Cell membrane Inside of cell (cytoplasm) Protein channel Carbohydrate chains Lipid bilayer What goes in and out? (Transport) Cell membrane is selectively permeable, it lets some things in, but not other things Selection depends on… size (smaller get through easily) concentrations, & type of molecule trying to get through (lipid and nonpolar) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaZ8MtF3C6M • Substances keep moving till there are ~ equal amounts of them on both sides of the membrane EQUILIBRIUM Go to Page 10 in yellow packet Draw this graphic organizer, then use the word bank p10 of your yellow packet will help!!! Types of Transport • • • • • • • • Active Transport Diffusion Passive Transport Exocytosis Protein Pumps Facilitated Diffusion Endocytosis Osmosis 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. Check your answers; get out the white study guide Types of Transport ACTIVE requires Energy Ion Pumps Exocystosis Endocytosis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yz7EHJFDEJs Na-K pump https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DuDmvlbpjHQ Endo exo cytosis PASSIVE Does not need energy Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqKlLm2MjkI (4:02) osmosis rap Passive Transport [High] to [Low] • DIFFUSION • FACILITATED DIFFUSION • OSMOSIS Hypertonic – has a lot of solute Hypotonic – has low solute Isotonic – has equal solute Osmotic Pressure 10/27: Find your lab from last week! Let’s review Transport Make sure you have both sides filled in – except for the final results obviously! What forces are at play on the egg? Will the solutions ever be isotonic? Review Quiz Permeability http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GW0lqf4Fqpg&feature=related (1:23) Do these get through? • • • • • • • • H+ or Ca++ CO2 K+, ClH2O Glycerol or ethanol (-OH) O2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owEgqrq51zY Amino acids (1:26 – review plasma membrane structure) Glucose https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6R2-AFcJrhs Sodium potassium pump What do you remember about the cell? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rABKB 5aS2Zg (3:09) • With your table group – make a list of all of the organelles you can remember • List their functions too! • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJyUtbn0O5Y Do Now: Cell Review • Skim pages 3, 4, 5 in your yellow packet • Read & Complete page 3 questions as you go! What do you remember? Find in your notebook, that chart you made last week of prokaryote v eukaryote https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruBAHiij4EA Pg 6 chart What do you remember? Sort! Sort the cards with your table group • Put in 1 of 4 areas: Pg 3 Prokaryotes Only Eukaryotes Only Could be Both not all eukaryotes kingdoms Definitely Both Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote All cells have a membrane, cytoplasm, DNA & ribosomes • Prokaryotic Cells – DNA not bound by a membrane… no “true nucleus” – Usually smaller, simple – No membrane bound parts (organelles) – Ex: bacteria • Eukaryotic Cells – Membrane bound nucleus – Larger, complex, internal organization – Have internal membrane bound structures – Ex: you, plants, algae Which Organelle is where? Cell membrane Cell wall Nucleus Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Chloroplasts Golgi apparatus Vacuoles DNA Cytoplasm Centrioles Nucleolus prokaryote Animal cells Plant cells Origin of Eukaryotic Cells Endosymbiotic Theory A prokaryote ate a prokaryote! Mutualistic relationship Mitochondria + Chloroplasts have outer & inner membranes Both have their own DNA & their own ribosomes! More similar to bacteria than euk’s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaAM8qQcs6E&feature=player_embedded (3:36) Pg 4 answers Figure 28.4 A model of the origin of eukaryotes Mader: Biology 8th Ed. This is how we’re reorganizing the protists – based on “who ate whom”. Endosymbiotic Theory Evidence: -Number of membranes of organelles -Presence of DNA in mitochondria -Structure of ribosomes This Week’s Project! • Today – brainstorm sheet • Tomorrow – work day to make your profile • Thursday: Cell Party!! • Friday: quiz This Week’s Project! • Work today to make your profile • Tomorrow: Can you find your perfect match? • Friday: quiz Speed Dating Organelles • Today you will research a specific organelle and use the brainstorm planning sheet (two-sided) to construct a profile of your organelle • Towards the end of the period, I will give you the ‘good copy’ to be used tomorrow. • Tomorrow, we will have a ‘speed dating’ session and your job will be to meet everyone & decide which organelle(s) you’re most closely matched with Organelle Speed Dating! Organelle □ □ □ □ □ □ Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Nucleus Nucleolus Ribosome Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Find a seat! □ If you are seated in the inner circle, you’ll stay there for most of the activity □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Body Vacuole Lysosome Mitochondria Chloroplast Cell Membrane Nuclear Membrane Centrioles DNA RNA Cell Wall Goal: Find the organelle(s) that work most closely with your organelle If you’re seated on the outside, each time I call “time”, you will rotate one seat to your right. For 1:30 you will converse with your new Organelle friend Take turns sharing & explaining your job! Prok Euk Characteristics of Living Things Homeostasis • Living things respond to environment ex. Find shelter from rain ex. Hibernating to survive the winter ex. Produce toxins to ward off predators • Living things maintain a stable internal environment – Homeostasis: keeping internal condition stable relative to the external environment Sodium Potassium Pump