* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Cell
Survey
Document related concepts
Cytoplasmic streaming wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Tissue engineering wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Programmed cell death wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Endomembrane system wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
The Cell PA State Standards What is a cell? • The basic unit of structure and function of all living things. • The basic building block of all organisms. What are organelles? • Humans have organs • Cells contain organelles • These organelles are like tiny organs inside a cell. • For example: A nucleus acts like the brain of the cell. Nucleus Cell Theory • All living things are made up of cells • Cells are the basic units of structure and function of living things • Living cells come only from other living cells. Organization of an organism Cells stomach cell Tissues stomach lining Organs stomach Organ Systems digestive system Organism YOU The Cell Cell Wall Cell Membrane Cell Membrane: The Cell1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. Controls the movement of material into & out of the cell 3. Selectively Permeable – chooses what enters and exits the cell Cell Membrane • Controls the movement of materials in to and out of the cell • Selectively Permeable – chooses what goes in and out of cell The Cell Cell Wall: 1. Plant Cells – NOT IN ANIMALS!! 2. Gives plant cells its shape 3. STRONG to provide Structure support Ticket in the door – 5 points Number your paper from 1 – 5. Answer the questions. 1. Who first discovered cells by looking at cork (last name)? 2. Does an animal cell have a cell wall? Yes or no 3. Does a plant cell have a cell wall? Yes or no 4. Does an animal cell have a cell membrane? Yes or no 5. Does a plant cell have a cell membrane? Yes or no Cytoplasm: The Cell1. ALL CELLS 2. The ENVIRONMENT of the cell. All organelles float in it Nucleus: The Cell1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. Center of the cell 3. Control Center of the cell TWO TYPES OF CELLS • PROKARYOTES – DOES NOT contain a NUCLEUS • EUKARYOTES – DOES CONTAIN A NUCLEUS Nuclear Membrane: The Cell1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. Surrounds Nucleus 3. Allows movement in & out of the nucleus Chromosomes: The Cell1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. 23 PAIRS OR 46 TOTAL 3. Stores Genetic Information The CellMitochondria: 1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. RESPIRATION occurs here 3. Makes ENERGY for the cell. Respiration occurs here (use of oxygen to break down food partic for energy) 2 types of Cellular Respiration • Aerobic Respiration • Requires Oxygen • Water and CO2 are waste products • Food + Oxygen CO2 + Water + ATP 2 Types of Cellular Respiration • Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation) • Does not require Oxygen (anaerobic) • Yeast cells used to make bread • Creates CO2 (makes bread rise) , alcohol (for beer, wine, champagne) The Cell Vacuoles: 1. Mostly Plant 2. Floating in the cytoplasm 3. FOOD, WATER, and waste are STORED here Ribosomes: The Cell1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. Found in the cytoplasm & on E.R. 3. Proteins are made here Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.): The Cell 1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. Found throughout the cytoplasm 3. Transports materials in the cell (TRANSPORTATIO SYSTEM Golgi bodies: The Cell 1. Animal & Plant Cells 2. Floating in Cytoplasm 3. Package cell materials The CellLysosomes: 1. Mostly Animal 2. Floating in the cytoplasm 3. RECYCLE old or dead cell parts Chloroplast: The Cell 1. Plant Cells 2. Floating in Cytoplasm 3. Makes food for cell (Photosynthesis – captures ENERGY IN SUNLIGHT) 4. Contains CHLOROPHYLL Major differences between a plant and animal cell • Plant cells have a cell wall – animal cells do not. • Plant cells have chloroplasts – animal cells do not • Plant cells have a large vacuole – animal cells do not Cellular Energy • Photosynthesis • Process where plants use light for food • Step 1: Energy in the form of sunlight is captured by the chlorophyll in the chloroplast • Step 2: Energy captured is changed into food for plant Photosynthesis • Sunlight + CO2 + Water Glucose (food) + O2 REMEMBER – PLANTS STILL COMPLETE RESPIRATION! Review: • • 1 Is this a plant or animal cell? 2 Label the numbers 3 4 5 6 10 7 9 8 The Cell 1 2 3 4 5 Nucleolus 10 9 Cytoplasm 6 7 8 Cell transport - Diffusion • Diffusion – the process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration, to areas of low concentration – Does not require Energy • Equilibrium – when the molecules are even throughout a space Osmosis • Osmosis • 80 % of cells is water – the diffusion of water (across a membrane) – Water will move in the direction where there is a high concentration of solute (and hence a lower concentration of water) – Does not require Energy Active Transport • Requires Energy (ATP) to carry an object into the cell. • Carry molecules from low conc. to high conc. • Uses Carrier Proteins act like doors to get the object into the cell. • Used to carry minerals into cell (Na, K, Ca) Endocytosis and Exocytosis Endo = In Exo = Out Mitosis • In order for an organism to grow, the cells must divide. • Each new cell is called a daughter cell.