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Transcript
Ch. 2-4: Looking Inside Cells Key Concepts: Identify the role of the cell wall and the cell membrane in the cell, describe the functions of cell organelles, explain how cells are organized in many-celled organisms. Discover Activity: How Large are Cells? 1. Multiply your height in meters by 1,000 to get your height in millimeters. (1 meter = about 3 feet). 1. How many amoebas would you have to stack end-to-end to equal your height? 2. Many of the cells in your body are about 0.01 mm long—one hundredth of the size of an amoeba. How many body cells would you have to stack end-to-end to equal your height? 3. Why can’t you see your body’s cells without the aid of a microscope? Enter the Cell Cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell Organelles Cell Wall Cell Membrane Rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cell of plants and some other organisms. Helps: protect and support the cell Controls what substances come into and out of a cell. Sail On to the Nucleus Nucleus: the cell’s control center, directs all of the cell’s activities Nuclear Envelope Chromatin Nucleolus •Protects the nucleus •Materials pass in and out of the nucleus through its pores •Contains genetic material: instructions for directing the cell’s functions •Where ribosomes are made: organelle where proteins are produced Draw and label the nucleus and its structures Drawing should include: nuclear envelope, nucleolus, pores, and chromatin. Organelles of the Cytoplasm Cytoplasm: region between the cell membrane and the nucleus •Known as the “powerhouses” of the cell Mitochondria •Converts energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use •Passageways that carry Endoplasmic proteins and other Reticulum materials throughout the cell Ribosomes •Small grainlike bodies •Factories to produce proteins Organelles of the Cytoplasm (Continued) Golgi Bodies Chloroplasts •Cell’s Mail Room •Receives proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum •Packages and distributes them to other parts of cell •Capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food •Makes leaves green Organelles of the Cytoplasm (Continued) Vacuoles Lysosomes •Water-filled sac •Storage area of cells •Stores food and other materials needed by cell •Small, round structures •Contains chemicals that break down materials in the cell Specialized Cells Plants and animals contain many cells. In many-celled organisms cells are specialized to perform specific functions Tissues Organs •Group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function •e.g. Nerve tissue •Group of different tissues working together •e.g. Your brain •Group of different organs working together to perform a major function Organ Systems •e.g. Your nervous system Lab Zone: Skills Activity Follow procedures 1-5 from Lab Zone Skills Activity p. 66. 2. Draw what you see: 3. Draw what you see: Lab Questions: 1. How are plant and animal cells alike? _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 2. How are plant and animal cells different?_______________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 3-D Model of a Cell Make your own model of a cell. You can either follow the directions listed on page 62 for a jello cell or come up with your own creative way to create a 3D model of either an animal or a plant cell. 1.Create a 3D model of a cell inside of your 3D model use different materials that resemble the structures found in the cell you are modeling • Structures for animal cells: nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, cell membrane, vacuole, lysosomes, mitochondria, cytoplasm, ribosomes • Structures for plant cells: nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, Golgi body, mitochondrion, cell membrane, vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall, endoplasmic reticulum 2.On a sheet of paper, create a key that identifies each cell structure in your model. Describe the function of each structure.