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Introducing the Cell
Contains DNA which has all
the information the cell needs
to survive
(How to make proteins)
All the area inside the
cell membrane and
outside the nucleus
where processes of life occur
(plasma membrane)
Kind of a “fluid skin” around the cell
through which materials move
in and out
Unicellular Organisms
stentor
paramecium
Amoeba
Ctyoplasm
A Bacterium
Prokaryotic cells
like this bacterium
have a cell membrane
and cytoplasm, but
lack a nucleus. Their
DNA (blue strands)
is not separated
from the cytoplasm.
They are not as
complex as cells
that possess a
nucleus.
The Cell Membrane
Main Parts of a Cell
Plasma membrane
(cell membrane)
________________
Separates cell
from environment
(Maintains )
Homeostasis
Controls what enters
and leaves the cell
(nutrients, wastes,
products)
“_______________”
Gatekeeper
Made of phospholipid
bilayers with
proteins embedded
in the bilayer
“Fluid mosaic model”
Main Parts of a Cell
Plasma membrane
___________________
Separates cell
from environment
(Maintains
homeostasis
____________________
Controls what
___________
enters
and leaves the cell
(nutrients, wastes,
products)
Gatekeeper
“_________________”
phospholipid
Made of _______________
bilayers with
protein embedded
_____________
in the bilayer
Fluid mosaic model
“_____________________”
The plasma membrane is composed of a bilayer of phospholipid molecules
with proteins embedded within the bilayer
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
cytosol
cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton (electron micrograph)
Cytoplasm
___________
Cyto = cell
Located between
_________________
Plasma
membrane
nucleus
and the ___________
organelles
_____________
cytosol
_________________
cytoskeleton
_______________
Tiny structures that
carry out the essential
processes of life
Semifluid material that
contains raw materials
for metabolism
Internal structural support
and organelle movement
Examples:
obtain energy - mitochondria
digest food - lysosomes
form proteins - ribosomes
eliminate wastes - vacuoles
transport materials - ER
Protein tubules, cables,
and filaments
microtubules
________________
microfilaments
_____________
Intermediate
filaments
___________
All made of proteins
The Nucleus
Nucleus
______________
Controls all cell activity
DNA
Contains ______________
nucleolus
Contains a _________
(chromatin or chromosomes)
hereditary information
Holds ______________
(blueprints for all cell ___________)
proteins
ribosomes
Forms ___________
(“protein factories”)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
and protein makes up
ribosomes
pro = before
Two Basic Types of Cells
eu = true
karyote = kernel
prokaryotic
_________________
nucleus
Cells lack a ____________
&
organelles
membrane-bound __________
DNA is located in the cytoplasm
______
in a part of the cell called the
nucleoid
“_________________”
eukaryotic
_________________
Cells contain a true nucleus &
membrane-bound organelles
________
DNA is separated from the
Nuclear envelope
cytoplasm by a _____________
bacteria & ___________
archea are the
___________
plants
animals
___________
, ___________
only prokaryotic cells
fungi
protists
___________
, & __________
have eukaryotic cells
(DNA)
Eukaryotic Cell Structure (Animal)
Eukaryotic Cell Structure (Plant)
Cells Are Like Factories
The Characteristics of the Cell