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CYTOPLASM (Between nucleus and cell membrane) Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/cytoplasm.html Organelles suspended in gel-like goo ORGANELLEsmall structure with a specific function (job) Image from: http://faculty.stcc.cc.tn.us/jiwilliams/labprojectsmenu.htm NUCLEUS Surrounded by NUCLEAR ENVELOPE (also called NUCLEAR MEMBRANE) DOUBLE MEMBRANE Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_06/5_11.GIF NUCLEUS NUCLEAR PORES Openings to allow molecules to move in and out of nucleus Image from: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html WHAT DOES IT DO? Contains genetic material (DNA) DNA is scrunched up as CHROMOSOMES in dividing cells DNA is spread out as CHROMATIN in non-dividing cells WHAT DOES IT DO? Control center of cell Image from: Genetic code tells the cell’s parts what to do Image from: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm NUCLEOLUS Image from: http://lifesci.rutgers.edu/~babiarz/histo/cell/nuc3L.jpg Dark spot in nucleus = NUCLEOLUS __________ Makes RNA for ribosomes CYTOSKELETON Image from: http://anthro.palomar.edu/animal/default.htm • Helps cell maintain shape • Help move organelles around Made of PROTEINS: MICROFILAMENTS (Actin) & MICROTUBULES (Tubulin) Image from: © Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall; All rights reserved CENTRIOLES Appear during cell division to guide chromosomes apart MITOCHONDRIA Surrounded by a DOUBLE membrane Has its own DNA Folded inner membrane increases surface area for more chemical reactions Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe WHAT DOES IT DO? Images from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/mito.html http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html “Powerplant of cell” Burns glucose to release energy Stores energy as ATP Image by: Riedell RIBOSOMES • Made of PROTEINS and RNA • Protein factory for cell Join amino acids to make proteins Image by: RIedell Image from: http://www.ust.hk/roundtable/hi-tech.series/1_b1.jpg RIBOSOMES Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/endoplasmic.jpe Can be attached to Rough ER OR free in cytoplasm Image from: http://www.mccc.edu/~chorba/celldiagram.htm ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) • Has RIBOSOMES attached • Proteins are made on ribosomes and inserted into Rough ER to be modified and transported Image from: http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/cells/ER.jpg SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (smooth ER) Image from: http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0073.JPG • Has NO ribosomes attached • Has enzymes for special tasks SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (smooth ER) Image from:http://www.accs.net/users/kriel/chapter%20eight/smooth%20er.gif •Makes membrane lipids (steroids) •Regulates calcium (muscle cells) •Destroys toxic substances (Liver) GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY) Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.h Image from: http://www.rsbs.anu.edu • Pancake like membrane stacks Modify, sort, & package molecules from ER for storage OR transport out of cell Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.h LYSOSOMES Animation from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/lysosomes.html Membrane bound sacs that contain PROTEINS called digestive enzymes Digest food, unwanted molecules, old organelles, cells, bacteria, etc FLAGELLA Help in cell movement CILIA Animation from: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/13-cells.htm Move cell itself CILIA Move substances past cells http://www.sk.lung.ca/content.cfm?edit_realword=hwbreathe WHAT’S SPECIAL ABOUT PLANT CELLS? • • • • Cell wall HUGE vacuoles Chloroplasts No centrioles Plant vs Animal cells CELL WALL http://www.windows.ucar.edu/kids_space/images/brick_wall.jpg Supports and protects cell http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/13-cells.htm Outside of cell membrane Made of carbohydrates & proteins CELLULOSE Plant cell walls are mainly _____________ VACUOLES Image from: http://www.metoliusfriends.org/csca/images/tupperware.jpg • Storage space for WATER, salts, proteins (enzymes), carbohydrates, and waste Vacuoles SMALL in ANIMAL CELLS NO VACUOLES IN BACTERIA CHLOROPLASTS http://www.seorf.ohiou.edu/~tstork/compass.rose/photosynthesis/chloro_sun_bathing.gif • Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose) http://stallion.abac.peachnet.edu/sm/kmccrae/BIOL2050/Ch1-13/JpegArt1-13/04jpeg/04-28_chloroplasts_1.jpg Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole Ribosome (free) Chloroplast Ribosome (attached) Cell Membrane Nuclear envelope Cell wall Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum Plant Cell Go to Section: WHAT’S DIFFERENT ABOUT BACTERIAL CELLS? • Cell wall • NO NUCLEAR MEMBRANE • DNA is circular • No membrane bound organelles http://www.eurekascience.com/ICanDoThat/bacteria_cells.htm See video BACTERIA have a CELL WALL BUT… Image from: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/procaryotes/images/procaryote.jpg IT’S MADE OF DIFFERENT MOLECULESthan plant cell walls! PEPTIDOGLYCAN _______________ NOT CELLULOSE! WHICH IS BIGGER? Plant cell Animal cell bacteria _________ > _____________ > ___________ DIFFERENCES IN ANIMAL CELLS, PLANT CELLS, AND BACTERIA ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL BACTERIA Eukaryotes Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Cell membrane Cell membrane Cell membrane Nuclear membrane Nuclear membrane NO cell wall Cell wall made of CELLULOSE Cell wall made of PEPTIDOGLYCAN Has ribosomes Has ribosomes Has ribosomes DNA in multiple chromosomes DNA in multiple chromosomes DNA is a single circular ring CYTOSKELETON CYTOSKELETON CYTOSKELETON Small vacuoles Really big vacuole NO vacuoles Has lysosomes Has lysosomes NO lysosomes Has centrioles NO centrioles NO centrioles NO chloroplasts Chloroplasts NO chloroplasts SMALLER SMALL SMALLEST NO nuclear membrane No membrane bound organelles Organelles with membranes BACTERIA are PROKARYOTES PLANTS & ANIMALS are EUKARYOTES USE WORDS FROM THE WORD BANKS TO COMPLETE THE VENN DIAGRAM COMPARISON