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Transcript
Chromomere Bead like projections – along entire length of polytene chromosome Heavier stained than inter-chromomeric regions Clear in dipteran salivary gland chromosome as dark bands Genes are located within chromomere One chromomere – single gene Evidence – local coiling of continuous DNA thread Chromomere Chromomere Vary in size Chromomere next to centromere – larger and progressively smaller towards chromosome ends Number is constant – polytene chromosome Serve as reliable morphological characteristic Telomere Two ends of chromosomes – end caps of chromosomes Highly stable and don’t fuse or unit with telomers of other chromosomes If telomeres are damaged/removed – end are highly unstable and fuse with broken ends of other chromosomes – resulting in translocations or ring chromosomes Structural identity and individuality of chromosome is maintained due to telomeres Telomeres – enlarged terminal chromomeres Sometimes show centromeric activity - neocentromere Telomere Two distinct regions Protelomeres: terminal deep staining structure with sharp limits, three large chromomeres Eutelomere: weakly staining sub-terminal region adjacent to protelomeres One compound telomere – eight chromomeres Irregular folded chromatin fibres loop back into chromatid Telomere Prevent shortening of chromosomes during cell division Made up of both DNA and proteins Sequence motif ‘TTAGGG’ is highly conserved Retrotelomeres: composed of large number of terminal repeats, clustered around chromosome ends
