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GENETICS SOL REVIEW – 2015 PART II Name ____________________________ Letter Answer 1. LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT 2. RECESSIVE 3. PUNNETT SQUARE 4. GENOTYPE 5. PHENOTYPE 6. A B C D E F G TRAITS 7. CROSSING OVER 8. PROBABILITY 9. 10. K INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE L CHROMOSOMES 13. MEIOSIS HAPLOID 14. GAMETES 15. MUTATION 16. I J DIPLOID 11. 12. H SEX-LINKED TRAITS M N O P One allele is not completely dominant over the other allele; appears as a blending of the trait Coiled DNA found in nucleus; structure containing DNA and proteins Process of cells reduction division of chromosomes; produces gametes Reproductive cell; eggs and sperm Specific characteristics Traits determined by genes located on the X chromosome In the first meiotic division chromosomes exchange segments of their DNA The likelihood, or chance, something will happen A change in the DNA Containing a single (half) set of chromosomes; chromosome number of gametes Containing a double (full) set of chromosomes; 23 pairs in humans Genes for different traits can sort independently during the formation of the gametes Form of a gene that does not show its trait when the dominant gene is present Diagram showing possible gene combination among offspring of the parent generation The genes an organism has for the traits they possess The physical description of the genes an organism possesses; how an organisms look 17. What conclusion can be drawn from the genetic information above? F The white parent carried a dominant allele. G All the F1 rabbits carried a recessive allele. _ H All the white rabbits are heterozygous. J All the black rabbits in the F2 generation are homozygous. 18. A genetic pedigree showing that only males are affected by a certain disorder is evidence of what type of inheritance? A Dominant B Sex-linked _ C Recessive D Passive 19. The jimsonweed Datura stramonium, normally has 12 chromosomes in the body cells. How many chromosomes will an egg cell of the weed have? A 6 chromosomes _ B 12 chromosomes C 18 chromosomes D 24 chromosomes 20. In corn plants, green (G) is dominant to albino (g). According to the Punnett square, what is the chance of this heterozygous cross producing albino corn plants? A One in four _ B Two in four C Three in four D Four in four 21. The Human Genome Project was begun in 1988 by scientists from 13 nations as a worldwide effort to understand the sequencing of all of the DNA in the human body. What is one potential scientific benefit of this research? F It will help to explain human cultural differences. G It will create communication between research centers. H It will help find the genes responsible for many diseases. _ J It helps to classify man most accurately in the animal kingdom. 22. In rabbits, short fur (F) is dominant to long fur (f). According to the Punnett square, what is the chance of two heterozygous short-haired rabbits having offspring with short fur? A One in four B Two in four C Three in four _ D Four in four 23. In cows, long hair is dominant to short hair. In a cow that is heterozygous for long hair, what percentage of the cells undergoing meiosis will carry the dominant allele? F 25% G 50% _ H 75% J 100% 24. People who have been exposed to excessive radiation often experience mutations. If these mutations only occur in somatic (body) cells, these people may — F pass on these mutations to their offspring G experience an increased risk of cancer _ H develop entirely new DNA sequences in all cells J experience difficulties replicating RNA