Download The Cell

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dscY_2QQbKU
Famous Scientists
• Hooke 1665 – One of first people to observe cells
• Looked at cork (plant) cells
• Coined the term “cell”
• One cubic inch= 12 hundred MILLION cells
• Schleiden 1838 – All plants are made of cells!
• Schwann 1839 – All animals are made of cells!
• Virchow 1855 – “All cells come from other cells”
This led to the formation of the CELL THEORY!
1. All living things are made of one or more cells
2. The cell is the basic unit of function of all
living things (they carry on life activities)
3. All cells are produced from other cells!
(by the process of cell divison)
Two Categories of Cells
Prokaryotes
Eukaryote
– No Nucleus
– Few membrane bound organelles
– Usually smaller
– Bacteria
– Nucleus
– Many membrane-bound organelles
– Bigger
– YOU!
All cells are similar in these respects:
• Have a cell membrane
• Thin, flexible barrier around cells
• Have cytoplasm
• Fluid material inside cell membrane
• Have genetic material which carries
the cell’s instructions
• Carry out life functions
CELL STRUCTURE
All Eukaryotic Cells have
ORGANELLES
Tiny cell structures that carries out specific
functions within the cell
Cross Section of a Plant Cell
Cross Section of a Plant Cell
Cross Section of an Animal Cell
Cross Section of an Animal Cell
1. Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
• protects and supports cell
• allows materials to pass in and out of the cell
(selectively permeable)
• maintains internal cell homeostasis
• provides means for cell to cell communication
2. Cytoplasm
• watery/jelly material that holds cell organelles in place
• area between the cell membrane and the nucleus
• many chemical reactions take place here
• transports things around the cell
~constantly moving
3. Nucleus
• contains DNA (genetic material)
• directs and controls all cell activities
• the control or “brain” of the cell
4. Nucleolus
• Small organelle inside nucleus
where ribosomes are made
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• transports and carries proteins and
other materials across the cell
• a network of tunnels and passageways
• 2 types –
• rough ER has ribosomes
• smooth ER does not have ribosomes
6. Ribosome
• small, grain-like bodies
• produces proteins • the site of protein synthesis
(using instructions from the nucleus)
• found on ER and in the cytoplasm
7. Golgi Body Complex
• serve as processing and
packaging of wastes and
harmful material, stores
materials (PPS)
Vacuole
8.8.Vacuole
• large, round, water-filled sac
• storage area of cell
• stores water, food and waste
• plants have a large vacuole
• some animal cells have them –
others don’t
• stores food, water, and waste (FWW)
9. Lysosome
• small, round sacs
• contains digestive enzymes that
breakdown complex molecules (food),
wastes, and worn-out cell organelles
10. “Mighty” Mitochondria
• slipper shaped organelle that releases
the energy in food molecules
• energy (ATP) is produced via cellular
respiration
• called the powerhouse of the cell
• have their own DNA
11. Centriole
• involved in cell division of animal cells
12. Chloroplasts
Found
ONLY in
PLANT
CELLS!
• uses suns energy to make food for plant
(photosynthesis)
• contains chlorophyll (green pigment)
• have their own DNA
13. Cell Wall
• composed of cellulose (a carbohydrate)
• gives cell its shape and provides protection
for the cell
Found in
plant cells
& most
bacteria!
ORGANELLE – WHO AM I?
• I make energy.
• I am the _______________________
• I am made of cellulose.
• I make ribosomes.
• I store food, water and waste.
• I am the _______________________
• I am the _______________________
• I transport proteins.
• I am the _______________________
• I make proteins.
• I am the _______________________
• I am the _______________________
• I clean up the cell with digestive enzymes.
• I am the _______________________
• I only appear during mitosis in animal cells.
• I am the _______________________
• I am the _______________________
• I use the sun to make sugar and oxygen.
• I am the _______________________
• I process, package, and store things.
• I am the _______________________
• I am the _______________________
• I am selectively permeable.
• I control the cell activities.
• I am the _______________________
• I make ATP from glucose.
• I am a liquid and this is where most cell reactions take place.
• I am the _______________________
Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cells
Centrioles
Plant Cells
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
1-nucleus
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2-chromosomes
3-mitochondria
4-ribosome
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1
6
5-chloroplast
6-vacuole
7-ER
2
8-cell membrane
7
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Plant Organelle
Nucleus
Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast(s)
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Ribosome(s)
Function within the Cell
City “Job”
Controls cell activities
Mayor
Regulates materials entering
and leaving the cell.
Doorman
Gives shape and protection
Transport material
through out the cell
Site of photosynthesis
Site of cellular respiration
Storage
Carries out protein synthesis
Border patrol
Buses and Trains
Restaurants
Power Plant
Warehouse
Butcher Shop