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Integrating Concepts in Biology PowerPoint Slides for Chapter 2: Central Dogma 2.1 How does DNA communicate information to the cell? by A. Malcolm Campbell, Laurie J. Heyer, & Christopher Paradise Title Page Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. Biology Learning Objective • Describe the three major types of RNA and their functions. ELSI Learning Objective • Discriminate between jargon and literal uses of terms that can lead to misunderstandings about science. Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. Cells Are Assemble Molecules Opening Figure Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. Building Complexity from Simplicity yolk albumin Fig. 2.1 Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. Building Complexity from Simplicity single cell Fig. 2.1 Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. Building Complexity from Simplicity Fig. 2.1 Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. Choose your words carefully ELSI Fig. 2.1 Courtesy of Travis Mohrman, Diversity of Cell Shape and Function Fig. 2.2 courtesy Kristian Peters and Elizabeth H. White What does RNA do for cells? Fig. 2.3 courtesy Todd Eckdahl Yeast RNA Separated by Size Fig. 2.3 courtesy Todd Eckdahl Yeast RNA Separated by Size What is the function of MW markers? Fig. 2.3 courtesy Todd Eckdahl Yeast RNA Separated by Size What is this blob? Fig. 2.3 courtesy Todd Eckdahl Yeast RNA Separated by Size What do you see in lanes 1 and 2? Any differences between the two? Fig. 2.3 courtesy Todd Eckdahl Yeast RNA Separated by Size What’s this? Fig. 2.3 courtesy Todd Eckdahl Yeast RNA Separated by Size What do you see in lanes 1 and 2? Fig. 2.3 courtesy Todd Eckdahl Yeast RNA Separated by Size 2 rRNA bands Fig. 2.3 courtesy Todd Eckdahl Ribosome Structure Fig. 2.4 Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. Ribosome Structure Fig. 2.4 Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. Ribosome Structure Fig. 2.4 Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. Ribosomes Produce Proteins Fig. 2.4 Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. Yeast RNA Separated by Size What do you see in lanes 1 and 2? Fig. 2.3 courtesy Todd Eckdahl RNA and Amino Acids Interact Figure 2.5A modified from Chipchase and Birnstiel, 1963 RNA and Amino Acids Interact 2 sizes of rRNA Figure 2.5A modified from Chipchase and Birnstiel, 1963 RNA and Amino Acids Interact tRNA is very small Figure 2.5A modified from Chipchase and Birnstiel, 1963 RNA and Amino Acids Interact leucine is with tRNA Figure 2.5A modified from Chipchase and Birnstiel, 1963 tRNA and Amino Acids Interact tRNAs bring amino acids to ribosomes Figure 2.5A modified from Chipchase and Birnstiel, 1963 tRNA and Amino Acids Interact Figure 2.5A modified from Chipchase and Birnstiel, 1963 tRNA Structure nitrogen phosphorous tRNA’s real shape oxygen carbon Fig. 2.5B & C Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. tRNA Structure tRNA’s shape ironed flat anti-parallel base pairing Fig. 2.5B & C Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. tRNA Structure tRNA’s functional parts Fig. 2.5B & C Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. tRNA Structure Fig. 2.5B & C Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. tRNA Structure Fig. 2.5B & C Copyright © 2015 by AM Campbell, LJ Heyer, CJ Paradise. All rights reserved. Yeast RNA Separated by Size What do you see in lanes 1 and 2? Fig. 2.3 courtesy Todd Eckdahl Which RNA tells ribosomes what to make? Fig. 2.6 modified from Brenner et al. 1961 Size Fractionation of RNA infect cells and add radioactive uracil Fig. 2.6 modified from Brenner et al. 1961 Size Fractionation of RNA Two graphs in the same space. Fig. 2.6 modified from Brenner et al. 1961 Size Fractionation of RNA separate RNA based on size Fig. 2.6 modified from Brenner et al. 1961 Old and New RNA all RNA by UV absorption Fig. 2.6 modified from Brenner et al. 1961 rRNA all RNA by UV absorption Fig. 2.6 modified from Brenner et al. 1961 intact ribosomes all RNA by UV absorption Fig. 2.6 modified from Brenner et al. 1961 Only New RNA (viral) radioactivity new RNA Fig. 2.6 modified from Brenner et al. 1961 Only New RNA (viral) rRNA not new! Fig. 2.6 radioactivity new RNA modified from Brenner et al. 1961 mRNA tells ribosomes what to make Fig. 2.6 modified from Brenner et al. 1961 Separation of Three RNAs three major types of RNA rRNA tRNA mRNA tRNA + mRNA Fig. 2.6 modified from Brenner et al. 1961 Yeast RNA Separated by Size mRNA rRNA mRNA tRNA Fig. 2.3 courtesy Todd Eckdahl
