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What to do… Answer the following question on a half sheet of paper. Put your name on the paper. Be ready to discuss your answer. In the diagram shown, the small circles represent water molecules moving through a membrane. When will the water molecules move INTO the cell? A. When the concentration of water is higher inside the cell than outside the cell B. When the concentration of water is lower inside the cell than outside the cell C. When the concentration of water is the same inside and outside of the cell Cell Division and Mitosis Standard: 1.4-Sequence a series of diagrams that depict chromosome movement during plant cell division The Amoeba Sisters! Cell growth & division Why do cells divide? They get too large and lose their ability to get all the necessary materials they need. It involves: The division of the nucleus is followed by division of the cytoplasm (Cytokinesis) Types of cell division: 1. Mitosis (body cells – somatic) 2. Meiosis (sex cells – gametes) 3. Binary Fission (bacteria) Background Information: Following DNA replication, chromosomes become visible. Each Chromosome appears double in structure, held together by a single structure: Chromatid Centromere Double chain (DNA) 1 chromosome (double stranded structure) Homologous Chromosomes: Most chromosomes appear in homologous pairs. 1 chromosome 1 chromosome 1 pair Homologous Chromosomes (different DNA) ALIKE because: 1 2. 3. Same size Same shape Same centromere location DIFFERENT because: 1. One member of pair from mom & the other from dad. Homologous Chromosome Examples: Homologous Chromosome Examples: Locus E/e = # of fingers 6 fingers Dominant 5 Fingers Recessive Homologous A cell containing homologous chromosomes is called Diploid (2N). A cell containing 1 member only of each homologous pair is called Haploid (N). Each different species has a constant number of homologous chromosome pairs. Ex. Human = 23 pairs Fruit fly = 4 pairs Cell Cycle: The repeating phases in the life of a cell Interphase has 3 phases. Interphase is a period of growth prior to Mitosis. And is the longest phase in cell cycle. 1. G1 Phase : Cell is growing 2. S Phase: DNA (Chromosomes) replication. 3. G2 Phase: Preparing for Mitosis Mitosis: Nuclear division = 4 phases 1). Prophase 2). Metaphase 3). Anaphase 4). Telophase Defined: a. Cell division in which the major event is nuclear division followed by cytokinesis. b. Occurs in somatic (body) cells only – repair injured cells, growth, replace worn out cells. The Cell cycle: 1. Interphase (Cell just prior to cell division) **Not a phase in Mitosis** Nuclear Membrane Centrioles a) Cell is growing – G1 b) DNA replication - S Nucleolus (double the DNA) Chromatin c) Cell is preparing for Mitosis – G2 Nucleus 2N - Diploid Cell 1. Prophase: 1st phase of Mitosis Spindle Fibers Sister Chromatids Nuclear membrane 2N - Diploid Cell a. Nuclear membrane disappears Nucleolus disappears b.Sister chromatids have condensed and are visible c. Spindle fibers are formed. 2. Metaphase Spindle Fibers a.Sister Chromatids are lined up at the middle of the cell. (equator) 2N - Diploid Cell 3. Anaphase Single Chromatid 2N - Diploid Cell a.Centromeres split so that each chromatid has its own. a.Sister Chromatids have been pulled apart and are moving to opposite ends of the cell. 4. Telophase: a.2 new nuclei form in the opposite ends of the cell Nucleolus 2N 2N b. Nuclear membrane /Nucleolus reappear c. Chromosomes uncoil & become chromatin again. Clevage Furrow Nuclear membrane 2 new daughter cells d. Cytoplasm pinches in two (begin Cytokinesis) Remember PMAT P = prophase M = metaphase A = anaphase T = telophase Cytokinesis ____Animal Cell In animal cells - the cell membrane pinches to form a Clevage furrow ______ Plant Cell______ In plant cells – a cell plate forms from the inside to divide the cell in half. Comparison: Mitosis Plants Animals 1. No Centrioles 1. Centrioles present 2. Cell plate forms, no pinching apart 2. Cytoplasm pinches in two Results of Mitosis: 2 identical daughter cells with same amount & kind of DNA as original cell. Mitosis Recap! Put it together. . . • Complete the following skill sheet utilizing your notes