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Download Biology Ch 10 How Proteins are Made
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Transcript
Biology Ch 10 How Proteins are Made Section 1 From Genes to Protein Importance of Proteins • You are who you are based on your ability to make specific proteins • Many diseases are caused by the bodies inability to make specific proteins properly – – – – Diabetes Cystic Fibrosis Sickle Cell Anemia Albinism • The information on how to make those proteins is stored in the genes (DNA) From Genes to Proteins • The genes don’t directly make proteins – A combined effort between 3 types of RNA • RNA = ribonucleic acid – Long chain of nucleotides – 4 N bases include adenine, guanine, cytosine, and URACIL – A-U G-C Gene Expression 1. Transcription • • DNA used as a template to form mRNA mRNA can leave the nucleus 2. Translation • • mRNA message used to create a polymer of amino acids = protein tRNA and rRNA work together to deliver the proper amino acids in the proper order Transcription • DNA is unwound and unzipped at the site of the gene to be expressed (promoter) • RNA polymerase adds the complementary nucleotides to the exposed DNA nucleotides – Every three mRNA bases is called a codon • Process ends when a stop signal is reached. A single strand of mRNA can then leave the nucleus and enter the cytoplasm (ribosome) A–U G-C Translation • Takes place in the cytoplasm (ribosome) – rRNA • Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules deliver the proper amino acids to the ribosome • Each codon codes for a specific amino acid • tRNA molecules have an anti-codon that matches the codon • The delivered AA attaches to the chain adding to the polymer (protein) Amino Acid Chart for mRNA
