Download Macromolecules and Cells – Study Guide

Name______________________________ Per: _____ Date: ______________________________
The Atom and Cells – Study Guide
This study guide is to help you understand and recall all the concepts that will be included on the test.
Please be aware that it is not to be used as a replacement for studying your notes, daily agendas,
and labs. It is only to be used as a supplement.
Macromolecules:
1. List the four macromolecules. For each polymer list its monomer (if applicable), at least 2
functions, and at least 2 examples.
Macromolecule
Monomer
At least 2 Functions
2. List the four macromolecules and the elements that compose them.
3. What are enzymes and what do they do?
At least 2 Examples
The Cell
4. What is a prokaryote? What is a eukaryote? (What are the differences/similarities?)
5. Fill in the following table:
Organelle
Function (what it does)
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Chloroplasts
Ribosome
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Lysosomes
6. Label the following cell diagram.
1._____ cell theory
2._____ cell
A) cell component that carries on a specific job for the cell
B) packages materials such as proteins made by the cell
3._____ organelle
C) control center of the cell where DNA is found
4._____ prokaryote
D) where proteins are made in all cells
5._____ eukaryote
E) states all living things are made of cells
6._____ mitochondria
F) cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
7._____ ribosome
G) structure around the outside of the cell membrane in plants for
support and protection
8._____
Golgi
apparatus
H) smallest part of an organism that can carry on all life processes
9._____ lysosome
I) powerhouses of a cell where ATP (energy) is generated
10._____ nucleus
J) store enzymes and waste products in a cell
11._____ cell wall
K) digests materials within the cell
12._____ vacuole
L) where photosynthesis occurs
13._____ chloroplast
M) cells lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
7. In the diagram above, do both cells have a nucleus? ________ What type of cell does this make
them? ______________________
8. Do both cells have mitochondria? ______
9. List at least three differences between the cells above.
10. _____ Amino acids are monomers of
a. disaccharides.
b. proteins.
c.
d.
nucleotides.
steroids.
11. _____ Which organic molecule below is most closely related to lipids?
a. amino acids
c.
nucleotides
b. CH2 chains
d.
sugars
12. _____ Which organic molecule below is most closely related to nucleic acids?
a. amino acids
c.
nucleotides
b. CH2 chains
d.
sugars
13. _____A(n) _________________ is made up of a sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group.
A. amino acid
B. nucleotide
C. phospholipid
D. glycoprotein
14. _____ Glucose, cellulose, and starch are all __________________.
A. proteins
B. polysaccharides
C. nucleic acids
D. lipids
E. phospholipids
15. _____ Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil are all _____________________
A. amino acids used to make proteins
B. carbohydrates used to make polysaccharides
C. lipids used to make phospholipids
D. nitrogen bases used to make nucleotides
16. Match the molecule with its description:
LIPIDS
CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEINS
NUCLEIC ACIDS
____________________________ made by joining amino acid subunits in long chains which provide
a wide variety of functions in cells
____________________________ made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio
____________________________ made from nucleotide subunits which store and carry information
____________________________ hydrophobic fats, oils, waxes, & steroids made mainly from
carbon and hydrogen atoms in long chains or multiple rings
17. _____ A cell that is missing lysosomes would have difficulty doing what?
A. digesting food
B. storing energy
C. packaging proteins
D. moving cytoplasm