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Name _____________________ Date ________ Science Teacher ______
Reading to Learn: Cellular Structure and Function
All living things are made up of one or more cells: trees...elephants...moss...a paramecium.
Sometimes, a cell is the organism.
Single-celled, or unicellular, organisms
do many of the same things as multicellular organisms. They grow, eat,
excrete and reproduce. There are two
basic types of cells. Those without nuclei
are called prokaryotes. Their DNA floats
freely through the cytoplasm. In
eukaryotes, a cell nucleus protects the
DNA.
Single-celled organisms can move in different ways. This
Peranema, 1/50,000 of a millimeter long, has an especially thick
flagellum that pushes it forward. Other organisms have cilia, hairlike structures that are effective motors for moving through
water...for walking over surfaces...for bringing food toward the
cell.
An amoeba moves by reaching out its flexible membrane and forming a pseudo-pod, or
false foot. The cytoplasm of the amoeba streams into the pseudo-pod, and the rest of the
cell follows.
http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/content/tdc02.sci.life.stru.lp_cell/#content/4dd2fdc5add2c73bce0081e2
Video can be accessed at link above (must sign in). This reading is text from the video.
Within the single cell are organelles that carry
out life processes such as
digestion...respiration...and water regulation. In
this paramecium, the contractile vacuole
collects excess water. Then, when it's full, it
suddenly contracts and pumps water out.
Here, an amoeba engulfs a green Euglena. It forms a
food vacuole, where it will digest its prey and pass
on nutrients to the rest of the cell. The cell
membrane controls the flow of nutrients, oxygen
and waste into and out of the cell.
Found in almost all eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are organelles that break down food
and release energy. These long cells with green chloroplasts are Euglenas. Their red
eyespots help them find sunlight, and as long as there is light, they obtain energy through
photosynthesis, just like plants.
A species must be able to reproduce, to pass on its genes to the next generation. When a
single-celled organism reproduces, it duplicates its DNA, with each daughter cell receiving a
complete copy of the parent's genes.
http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/content/tdc02.sci.life.stru.lp_cell/#content/4dd2fdc5add2c73bce0081e2
Video can be accessed at link above (must sign in). This reading is text from the video.
Name _____________________ Date ________ Science Teacher ___________
Reading to Learn: Cellular Structure and Function
1. What do all living things have in common? __________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. How many cells do unicellular organisms have? _____________
3. What do unicellular and multi-cellular organisms have in common? ______________
____________________________________________________________________
4. What are the two basic types of cells? _________________________________
5. What type of cell has no nucleus and has its DNA floating freely in cytoplasm?
_________________
6. How are eukaryotes different from prokaryotes?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
7. Describe 3 ways in which single-cell organisms move. _________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
8. What life processes do organelles of single-cells carry out? _____________________
____________________________________________________________________
9. Explain how the paramecium, a single-celled organism, regulates water.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
10. Explain how the Euglena performs digestion. ________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
11. What is the function of the organelle, the cell membrane? _____________________
____________________________________________________________________
12. What is the function of the mitochondria, an organelle found in eukaryotic cells?
____________________________________________________________________
13. What is the function of chloroplasts? ______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
14. Another life process is reproduction. How do single-celled organisms reproduce?
____________________________________________________________________
http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/content/tdc02.sci.life.stru.lp_cell/#content/4dd2fdc5add2c73bce0081e2
Video can be accessed at link above (must sign in). This reading is text from the video.
Reading to Learn: Cellular Structure and Function
(KEY)
1. What do all living things have in common? All living things are made up of one or
more cells
2. How many cells do unicellular organisms have? One
3. What do unicellular and multi-cellular organisms have in common? They grow, eat,
excrete and reproduce
4. What are the two basic types of cells? Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
5. What type of cell has no nucleus and has its DNA floating freely in cytoplasm?
Prokaryotes
6. How are eukaryotes different from prokaryotes? Eukaryotes have a nucleus and
prokaryotes do not. Eukaryotes have their DNA stored within the nucleus and
prokaryotes have DNA floating freely in the cytoplasm (jelly-like substance) of the
cell.
7. Describe 3 ways in which single-cell organisms move. Use of flagella, cilia or reaching
out flexible membrane and forming a pseudo-pod
8. What life processes do organelles of single-cells carry out? Digestion, respiration and
water regulation
9. Explain how the paramecium, a single-celled organism, regulates water. The
contractile vacuole collects excess water. Then, when it's full, it suddenly contracts
and pumps water out
10.Explain how the Euglena performs digestion. It forms a food vacuole, where it will
digest its prey and pass on nutrients to the rest of the cell.
11.What is the function of the organelle, the cell membrane? Controls the flow of
nutrients, oxygen and waste into and out of the cell
12.What is the function of the mitochondria, an organelle found in eukaryotic cells?
break down food and release energy
13.What is the function of chloroplasts? They use sunlight to obtain energy through the
process of photosynthesis.
14.Another life process is reproduction. How do single-celled organisms reproduce? By
duplicating or copying its DNA.
http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/content/tdc02.sci.life.stru.lp_cell/#content/4dd2fdc5add2c73bce0081e2
Video can be accessed at link above (must sign in). This reading is text from the video.