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Cells
● Standard:
1.1- Identify and describe the
function of the major plant and animal cell
organelles.
I. Cell History: the men, the legacy
A. The Discovery of the Cell
● Because
there were no instruments to
make cells visible, the existence of
cells was unknown for most of human
history.
● This changed with the invention of
the microscope
B. Early Microscopes
• In 1665, Robert Hooke used an early compound
microscope to look at a thin slice of cork, a
plant material.
• Cork looked like thousands of tiny, empty
chambers.
• Hooke called these chambers
“cells.”
• Cells are the basic units of life.
• At the same time, Anton van
Leeuwenhoek used a single-lens
microscope to observe pond water and
other things.
• The microscope revealed a world of
tiny living organisms.
Matthias Schleiden
●
German botanist
●
Studies plants
●
States: all plants
are made of cells
Rudolph Virchow
●
German doctor,
biologist,
pathologist, etc.
●
Stated: Animals
come from
animals, plants
come from plants.
Theodor Schwann
●
German scientist –
zoologist
●
Stated: all
animals are
made of cells
Cell theory
1. All living things are made up of one or more
cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in living things.
3. Living cells only come from other living cells.
Structure and Function
A. Levels of organization
Organelles -> cells -> tissue -> organs -> system ->
organism
1. Organelles
● Little
organs that have a
specific function within the cell
2. Cells
● Basic
unit of life
3. Tissue
● Similar
cells working together
for a specific function
4. Organs
● Groups
of different tissues that
work together
5. System
● Organs
working
together to form
specific systems
6. Organism
● The
entire living thing that
carries out basic life functions
and is made of organ
systems.
Levels of Organization
Organisms
Organ Systems
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
CELL FACT
●
Animal and plants cells are eukaryotic cells.
“eu” = true
True nucleus
●
Bacteria are prokaryotic cells.
“pro” – before
No nucleus
Cell organelles
●
All the structures
that make
up the cell.
CELL PARTS:
Cell Wall *
*
= only in plant cells
Cell wall
● Non-living cell boundary
●
Gives shape & support
CELL PARTS:
Cell Membrane
Cell membrane
●
Outer boundary of the cytoplasm,
phospholipid bilayer
●
Regulates the movement of molecules in &
out of the cell
●
all cells have a cell membrane (plasma
membrane)
Phospholipid bilayer
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nucleus
●
Control center of the cell
●
Contains all genetic material (DNA)
●
This makes a cell eukaryotic
Nucleolus
● Produces
ribosomes
(ribosomal RNA)
Chromatin
●
Uncoiled DNA & protein
Chromosome
● Coiled
DNA &
protein
● Hereditary
units
QUESTION
What is the control center of the cell?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Smooth ER
Cell membrane
Nucleus
All of the above
Endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)
●
Passageway that transports proteins
within the cell.
●
Rough ER = ribosomes
Smooth ER no ribosomes
●
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
with Ribosomes (RER)
Ribosomes
●
The location for
protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Golgi Body/apparatus/complex
Golgi
●
receives proteins from ER to
package and deliver to the cell
membrane
Vacuole (Large
Central)
Vacuoles
●
Storage containers for water,
food.
●
Small in animals, big in plants.
Lysosomes
Lysosomes
●
Contains enzymes to digest
worn out cells or cell parts
Plastid
*
Chloroplast
* = only in plant cells
PLASTIDS
● Storage
containers,
found in plant cells only
Chloroplast
●
contains the green pigment
called chlorophyll.
●
Photosynthesis occurs here
CHROMOPLAST
● Container
for orange &
red pigment
LEUCOPLAST
● Container
for the
production of starch
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
●
Powerhouse of the cell, site of cellular
respiration
•Makes energy in
the form of ATP.
QUESTION
An active muscle cell will contain a large
number of
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cilia
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
●
jelly like material in the cell.
●
Site of intercellular
reactions
Centrioles
* =Only in
Animal cells
CENTRIOLES
● Animal
● Plays
cells only
a role in cell division
(reproduction)
Cell
Membrane
Smooth
ER
Mitochondria
Lysosome
cytoplasm
Nucleus
Nuclear
membrane
Nucleolus
Golgi
Rough
ER
Centriole
Vacuole
Stand & Deliver
Stand if you know the answer
and be prepared to justify
QUESTION
What type of cell would you examine to find a
chloroplast?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Prokaryote
Animal
Plant
Fungus
QUESTION
Which of the following structures is NOT found
in both plant and animal cells?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Chloroplast
Cytoskeleton
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
QUESTION
Which is the main idea of the cell theory?
a.
b.
c.
d.
All
All
All
All
cells
cells
cells
cells
have a plasma membrane.
come from preexisting cells.
are microscopic.
are made of atoms.
QUESTION
Ribosomes ___________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Do not have a cell wall
Are the site for protein synthesis
Appear on the ER and in cytoplasm
All of the above
QUESTION
_____________ are membrane-bound spaces
that serve as temporary storage areas.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Vacuole
Nucleus
Lysosomes
Cell membrane
QUESTION
Smooth ER is different from rough ER in that
smooth ER has no ______________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Life
Membrane
Ribosomes
Space
QUESTION
In typical plant cells, the vacuole ______.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Is
Is
Is
Is
small and single
not present
small and multiple
large and single
Putting it Together…
● Complete
the Chapter 2 Preview
● Complete
the Animal Cell Coloring page
● Complete
the Plant Cell Coloring page