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Transcript
What to do… Answer the following question in your journal. Let’s Find the Answer! Cells ● Standard: 1.1- Identify and describe the function of the major plant and animal cell organelles. I. Cell History: the men, the legacy A. The Discovery of the Cell ● Because there were no instruments to make cells visible, the existence of cells was unknown for most of human history. ● This changed with the invention of the microscope B. Early Microscopes • In 1665, Robert Hooke used an early compound microscope to look at a thin slice of cork, a plant material. • Cork looked like thousands of tiny, empty chambers. • Hooke called these chambers “cells.” • Cells are the basic units of life. • At the same time, Anton van Leeuwenhoek used a single-lens microscope to observe pond water and other things. • The microscope revealed a world of tiny living organisms. Matthias Schleiden ● German botanist ● Studies plants ● States: all plants are made of cells Rudolph Virchow ● German doctor, biologist, pathologist, etc. ● Stated: Animals come from animals, plants come from plants. Theodor Schwann ● German scientist – zoologist ● Stated: all animals are made of cells Cell theory 1. All living things are made up of one or more cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3. Living cells only come from other living cells. Structure and Function A. Levels of organization Organelles -> cells -> tissue -> organs -> system -> organism 1. Organelles ● Little organs that have a specific function within the cell 2. Cells ● Basic unit of life 3. Tissue ● Similar cells working together for a specific function 4. Organs ● Groups of different tissues that work together 5. System ● Organs working together to form specific systems 6. Organism ● The entire living thing that carries out basic life functions and is made of organ systems. Levels of Organization Organisms Organ Systems Organs Tissues Cells Organelles CELL FACT ● Animal and plants cells are eukaryotic cells. “eu” = true True nucleus ● Bacteria are prokaryotic cells. “pro” – before No nucleus Cell organelles ● All the structures that make up the cell. CELL PARTS: Cell Wall * * = only in plant cells Cell wall ● Non-living cell boundary ● Gives shape & support CELL PARTS: Cell Membrane Cell membrane ● Outer boundary of the cytoplasm, phospholipid bilayer ● Regulates the movement of molecules in & out of the cell ● all cells have a cell membrane (plasma membrane) Phospholipid bilayer Nucleus Nucleolus Nucleus ● Control center of the cell ● Contains all genetic material (DNA) ● This makes a cell eukaryotic Nucleolus ● Produces ribosomes (ribosomal RNA) Chromatin ● Uncoiled DNA & protein Chromosome ● Coiled DNA & protein ● Hereditary units QUESTION What is the control center of the cell? a. b. c. d. Smooth ER Cell membrane Nucleus All of the above Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ● Passageway that transports proteins within the cell. ● Rough ER = ribosomes Smooth ER no ribosomes ● Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum with Ribosomes (RER) Ribosomes ● The location for protein synthesis Ribosomes Golgi Body/apparatus/complex Golgi ● receives proteins from ER to package and deliver to the cell membrane Vacuole (Large Central) Vacuoles ● Storage containers for water, food. ● Small in animals, big in plants. Lysosomes Lysosomes ● Contains enzymes to digest worn out cells or cell parts Plastid * Chloroplast * = only in plant cells PLASTIDS ● Storage containers, found in plant cells only Chloroplast ● contains the green pigment called chlorophyll. ● Photosynthesis occurs here CHROMOPLAST ● Container for orange & red pigment LEUCOPLAST ● Container for the production of starch Mitochondria Mitochondria ● Powerhouse of the cell, site of cellular respiration •Makes energy in the form of ATP. QUESTION An active muscle cell will contain a large number of a. b. c. d. Cilia Vacuoles Chloroplasts Mitochondria Cytoplasm Cytoplasm ● jelly like material in the cell. ● Site of intercellular reactions Centrioles * =Only in Animal cells CENTRIOLES ● Animal ● Plays cells only a role in cell division (reproduction) Cell Membrane Smooth ER Mitochondria Lysosome cytoplasm Nucleus Nuclear membrane Nucleolus Golgi Rough ER Centriole Vacuole Stand & Deliver Stand if you know the answer and be prepared to justify QUESTION What type of cell would you examine to find a chloroplast? a. b. c. d. Prokaryote Animal Plant Fungus QUESTION Which of the following structures is NOT found in both plant and animal cells? a. b. c. d. Chloroplast Cytoskeleton Ribosomes Mitochondria QUESTION Which is the main idea of the cell theory? a. b. c. d. All All All All cells cells cells cells have a plasma membrane. come from preexisting cells. are microscopic. are made of atoms. QUESTION Ribosomes ___________________. a. b. c. d. Do not have a cell wall Are the site for protein synthesis Appear on the ER and in cytoplasm All of the above QUESTION _____________ are membrane-bound spaces that serve as temporary storage areas. a. b. c. d. Vacuole Nucleus Lysosomes Cell membrane QUESTION Smooth ER is different from rough ER in that smooth ER has no ______________. a. b. c. d. Life Membrane Ribosomes Space QUESTION In typical plant cells, the vacuole ______. a. b. c. d. Is Is Is Is small and single not present small and multiple large and single Putting it Together… ● Complete the Chapter 2 Preview ● Complete the Animal Cell Coloring page ● Complete the Plant Cell Coloring page