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Transcript
Cell Test Study Guide 1) How are cells organized? Organelles organisms cells tissues organs organ systems 2) What are the three parts to the cell theory? 1) all living things have cells 2) cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things 3) all cells come from preexisting cells 3) What do chloroplasts and mitochondria have in common? They both make energy for the cells (mitochondria in animal cells chloroplasts in plant cells) 4) What limits how large a cell can grow? Surface area 5) What is the difference between a eukaryote and a prokaryote? Eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles and prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles 6) What does it mean when I say that the cell membrane is semipermeable/selectively permeable? Allows some things through the cell membrane but not others 7) What two things is the cell membrane made out of? Proteins and phospholipids 8) The heart would be considered a what? Organ? Tissue? Cell? AN organ 9) How big are most cells? microscopic 10) What does the human excretory system? Nervous system? Excretory system gets rid of wase, nervous system controls the body and sends signals 11) What do these organelles/structures do? Nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, centrioles, cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts, cell membrane, nuclear membrane Nucleus-stores the dna, boss of the cell Mitochondria-makes energy (ATP) Ribosomes-make proteins ER- smooth and rough- transport lipids (smooth) and transport proteins (rough) to the golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus – packages and modifies proteins Lysosomes- break down stuff inside the cell (have digestive enzymes) Centrioles-move the chromosome during cell division Cell wall- usually only in plant cells (some prokaryotic cells have them too), surrounds the cell membrane and provides support Vacuole-stores water, salts, and nutrients (sometimes toxins) in plant cells Chloroplasts-make energy in the plant cells Cell membrane-surrounds and protects the cell Nuclear membrane-surrounds and protects the nucleus 12) Be able to describe and understand how a microscope works and magnifies organisms. 13) Do both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have ribosomes? Yes-they are not membrane bound organelles 14) When viewing an organisms under a microscope what happens as you go to a higher magnification? You see more detail but you see less of the specimen 15) Prokaryotes tend to be simpler than eukaryotes. Why? Can they function as individual organisms? They do not have membrane bound organelles or a nucleus. And yes…they can function individually (ex: bacteria do) 16) Where are the traits of organisms stored? In the DNA 17) How do the ER and Golgi apparatus work together? The ER sends stuff/proteins to the golgi apparatus and the golgi packages it up and sends it out of the cell membrane 18) What structures do both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have? Which ones do only eukaryotes have? Both-cytoplasm, DNA, cell membrane, and ribosomes Eukaryotes-nucleus, ER, golgi apparatus, vacuole, mitochondria, lysosomes Be able to label a cell. Cell Membrane Answer: Rough ER Mitochondria Smooth ER Lysosomes Golgi apparatus Ribosomes Cytoplasm Nucleus Nuclear Membrane