Download What is an addition reaction

Types of Organic Reactions
Unit: Organic Chemistry
Addition:
In an addition reaction, two molecules are added together to make one larger
molecule. There are always two reactants and one product.
This type of reaction usually involves unsaturated molecules. The multiple bond is lost,
and the other molecule adds to either side of the multiple bond. In general, this is
what occurs:
The molecule A-B can represent many different reactants
Reactant
Name of Process
Product
(Alkene +) Hydrogen
Hydrogenation
Alkane
(Alkyne +) Hydrogen
Hydrogenation
Alkene (limited amounts
of hydrogen)
Or Alkane (excess of
hydrogen)
Water
Hydration
Alcohol
HF, HCl, HI, HBr
Hydrohalogenation
Halogenatated alkane
Halogen
Halogenation
Double Halogenated
alkane
Condensation (also called Elimination)
In a condensation reaction, two organic molecules react together to produce one
larger organic molecule and a molecule of water. For this type of reaction to occur,
one of the molecules must have a hydroxyl group, and the other must have an
active site with hydrogens, such as another hydroxyl group, or an amino group.
An example of each of these is below.
This reaction involves two compounds with hydroxyl groups (two alcohols or an
alcohol and a
carboxylic acid). It
produces an ether or
an ester. A
condensation
reaction between
an alcohol and a carboxylic acid, producing an ester is called an ESTERIFICATION
reation.
This reaction starts
with an alcohol and
an primary amine,
and produces a
secondary amine.
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Types of Organic Reactions
Unit: Organic Chemistry
Hydrolysis
A hydrolysis reaction is the opposite of a condensation reaction. For this reaction, a
large organic molecule is reacted with water to produce two smaller organic
molecules.
For example:
Substitution:
A substitution reaction occurs when one atom is removed and replaced with another
atom. This is not a very common type of organic reaction, but is the only way to add
a halogen to an alkane. A catalyst, heat and/or pressure are required to have this
reaction proceed.
Oxidation
An oxidation reaction in organic chemistry occurs when oxygen is added or
hydrogens are removed from a compound. An oxidizing agent (a chemical
that causes oxidation) must be added. Examples of oxidizing agents are
potassium permanganate (KMnO4), sulphuric acid or potassium dichromate
(K2Cr2O7).
Removal of Hydrogens
Addition of Oxygen
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