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Focus • What property of water is this picture demonstrating and how. Molecules of Life: Functional Groups Molecules of Life— From Structure to Function • Only living things make the molecules of life—complex carbohydrates and lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids • All of these molecules are organic • organic – Type of compound that consists primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms Figure 2.19 A molecular mimic Modeling an Organic Molecule Functional Groups • Most molecules of life have at least one functional group • functional group • A group of atoms bonded to a carbon of an organic compound • Imparts a specific chemical property such as polarity or acidity Common Functional Groups Building and Breaking Down • Condensation reactions build polymers from monomers of simple sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleotides • Hydrolysis reactions release monomers by breaking apart polymers • monomers • Molecules that are subunits of polymers • polymer • Molecule that consists of multiple monomers Condensation • Builds a large molecule from smaller ones • Enzyme removes –OH group from one molecule and -H atom from another • Covalent bond forms between two molecules – water also forms Hydrolysis • Splits a large molecule into smaller ones by a water-requiring reaction • Enzyme attaches –OH group and -H atom from water at cleavage site