technical bulletin reaction solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso)
... atoms of DMSO are quite inert, although they are replaceable under sufficiently severe conditions (bulk pKa = 35.1). The oxygen of DMSO is somewhat basic and participates strongly as a hydrogen bond acceptor. DMSO forms isolatable salts with several strong acids. Owing to its chemical and physical p ...
... atoms of DMSO are quite inert, although they are replaceable under sufficiently severe conditions (bulk pKa = 35.1). The oxygen of DMSO is somewhat basic and participates strongly as a hydrogen bond acceptor. DMSO forms isolatable salts with several strong acids. Owing to its chemical and physical p ...
Chapter 18 Amines and Amides
... Urea is the end product of protein metabolism. Saccharin is an artificial sweetener. Some amides such as phenobarbital, Nembutal and Seconal are barbiturates. Acetaminophen is used to reduce fever and pain. ...
... Urea is the end product of protein metabolism. Saccharin is an artificial sweetener. Some amides such as phenobarbital, Nembutal and Seconal are barbiturates. Acetaminophen is used to reduce fever and pain. ...
Alkenes 4 - ChemWeb (UCC)
... Unlike the case of the E2 mechanism - there is no steric requirement for the conformation of the substrate in an E1 reaction. ...
... Unlike the case of the E2 mechanism - there is no steric requirement for the conformation of the substrate in an E1 reaction. ...
CH 3 - bYTEBoss
... That are primary (−NH2) or secondary (−NH−) form hydrogen bonds. That are primary have higher melting points than secondary. That are tertiary (no H on N) do not form hydrogen bonds and have lower melting points. All form hydrogen bonds with water. With 1-5 carbon atoms are soluble in wate ...
... That are primary (−NH2) or secondary (−NH−) form hydrogen bonds. That are primary have higher melting points than secondary. That are tertiary (no H on N) do not form hydrogen bonds and have lower melting points. All form hydrogen bonds with water. With 1-5 carbon atoms are soluble in wate ...
OC 2/e Ch 11
... • a specific example of an SN2 reaction in which a poor leaving group is converted to a better one 2 CH3 CH2 OH ...
... • a specific example of an SN2 reaction in which a poor leaving group is converted to a better one 2 CH3 CH2 OH ...
irm_ch17
... forms one hydrogen bond to a water molecule. The nitrogen atom’s non-bonding electron pair forms the third hydrogen bond with a water molecule, shown in Figure 17.6.) 17.26 a. 2 ...
... forms one hydrogen bond to a water molecule. The nitrogen atom’s non-bonding electron pair forms the third hydrogen bond with a water molecule, shown in Figure 17.6.) 17.26 a. 2 ...
Sample
... HBr to alkenes in 1869. Markovnikov stated : MARKOVNIKOV'S RULE : The addition of a proton acid to the double bond of an alkene result in a product with the acid proton bonded to the carbon atom that already holds the greater number of hydrogen atoms. This is the original statement of Markovnikov's ...
... HBr to alkenes in 1869. Markovnikov stated : MARKOVNIKOV'S RULE : The addition of a proton acid to the double bond of an alkene result in a product with the acid proton bonded to the carbon atom that already holds the greater number of hydrogen atoms. This is the original statement of Markovnikov's ...
OC 2/e 9 Alcohols
... chromic acid oxidation of a CHO group, it is the hydrated form that is oxidized O R- C-H ...
... chromic acid oxidation of a CHO group, it is the hydrated form that is oxidized O R- C-H ...
an introduction to organic reactions
... By optional I mean that if you put the work in (some time before the night before a test) by reading the textbook before class, taking notes in Ziegler's (helpful) lectures, spending time working through the problem sets and going to your invaluable TA's at section, then you'll probably find orgo to ...
... By optional I mean that if you put the work in (some time before the night before a test) by reading the textbook before class, taking notes in Ziegler's (helpful) lectures, spending time working through the problem sets and going to your invaluable TA's at section, then you'll probably find orgo to ...
PowerPoint ******
... (3) Methyl groups at axial positions of six-membered rings are almost ideally positioned to migrate because the bonds between the methyl groups and the rings are nearly coplanar with the empty orbitals of the cations. Equatorial substituents are unlikely to migrate. (4) Steric factors may also signi ...
... (3) Methyl groups at axial positions of six-membered rings are almost ideally positioned to migrate because the bonds between the methyl groups and the rings are nearly coplanar with the empty orbitals of the cations. Equatorial substituents are unlikely to migrate. (4) Steric factors may also signi ...
Lorell Thesis Final Version in PDF S
... overall. To my parents José and Betzaida, who always supported me in all aspects of life and made me what I am today. To my brother, José and sisters, Cheryl and Lorna for being there for me and giving me the unconditional love that only brothers can give. To my parents in law, Hilda and Luis, for a ...
... overall. To my parents José and Betzaida, who always supported me in all aspects of life and made me what I am today. To my brother, José and sisters, Cheryl and Lorna for being there for me and giving me the unconditional love that only brothers can give. To my parents in law, Hilda and Luis, for a ...
Reactions of Alkenes
... carbocation character; more stable transition state (left) has positive charge on more highly substituted carbon ...
... carbocation character; more stable transition state (left) has positive charge on more highly substituted carbon ...
Chapter 6 Addition Reactions to Alkenes
... University who won the Nobel Prize in 1977 for this work. The reaction proceeds by means of a one-step, concerted addition of the boron hydride to the alkene. Hydrogen is more electronegative than boron, so the electrophile in this reaction is boron. Note also that boron only has six electrons, so i ...
... University who won the Nobel Prize in 1977 for this work. The reaction proceeds by means of a one-step, concerted addition of the boron hydride to the alkene. Hydrogen is more electronegative than boron, so the electrophile in this reaction is boron. Note also that boron only has six electrons, so i ...
barker_rg
... The tendency of an unsymmetrical anhydride to disproportionate into the twocomponent simple anhydrides often makes isolation impossible or at least difficult. This behavior greatly complicates the purification and determination of physical constants and frequently requires immediate use after prepar ...
... The tendency of an unsymmetrical anhydride to disproportionate into the twocomponent simple anhydrides often makes isolation impossible or at least difficult. This behavior greatly complicates the purification and determination of physical constants and frequently requires immediate use after prepar ...
Organic Chemistry/Fourth Edition: e-Text
... Ethyl isopropyl ketone may be alternatively named 2-methyl-3-pentanone. Its longest continuous chain has five carbons. The carbonyl carbon is C-3 irrespective of the direction in which the chain is numbered, and so we choose the direction that gives the lower number to the position that bears the me ...
... Ethyl isopropyl ketone may be alternatively named 2-methyl-3-pentanone. Its longest continuous chain has five carbons. The carbonyl carbon is C-3 irrespective of the direction in which the chain is numbered, and so we choose the direction that gives the lower number to the position that bears the me ...
Organic Chemistry
... in the electrophilic addition of HX to alkenes, so the product formed is the one with the halogen substituent upon the more highly substituted carbon. Also, rearrangement (hydride or methyl shift to form a more stable carbocation) might occur, typical of reactions that have a carbocation intermediat ...
... in the electrophilic addition of HX to alkenes, so the product formed is the one with the halogen substituent upon the more highly substituted carbon. Also, rearrangement (hydride or methyl shift to form a more stable carbocation) might occur, typical of reactions that have a carbocation intermediat ...
THE FRIEDEL-CRAFTS BENZYLATION OF ARENES AND THE
... generation of stoichiometric metal waste (e.g. aluminum) and the poor reactivity with electron-poor substrates dramatically limit the use of Friedel-Crafts processes. We wanted to address these limitations and developed the Friedel-Crafts benzylation of activated and deactivated arenes. The key to o ...
... generation of stoichiometric metal waste (e.g. aluminum) and the poor reactivity with electron-poor substrates dramatically limit the use of Friedel-Crafts processes. We wanted to address these limitations and developed the Friedel-Crafts benzylation of activated and deactivated arenes. The key to o ...
Lecture Notes Chem 51B S. King Chapter 9 Alcohols, Ethers, and
... Q. Why doesn’t this reaction work well for 2° substrates? A. Secondary substrates can undergo both SN1/E1 reactions, and SN2/E2 reactions, depending on the conditions used. Under the conditions of this reaction (strong aqueous acid), SN1/E1 pathways are favored over SN2/E2 pathways for secondary su ...
... Q. Why doesn’t this reaction work well for 2° substrates? A. Secondary substrates can undergo both SN1/E1 reactions, and SN2/E2 reactions, depending on the conditions used. Under the conditions of this reaction (strong aqueous acid), SN1/E1 pathways are favored over SN2/E2 pathways for secondary su ...
Co-production of furfural and easily hydrolysable residue from
... with FeCl3 and at 45 min with HCl, respectively. Surprisingly, AlCl3 gave furfural yield of 35.5% at 30 min, much lower than those with FeCl3 and HCl. However, severe degradation of cellulose was observed using FeCl3 or HCl as catalyst, with glucose yield of more than 20%. This was attributed to the ...
... with FeCl3 and at 45 min with HCl, respectively. Surprisingly, AlCl3 gave furfural yield of 35.5% at 30 min, much lower than those with FeCl3 and HCl. However, severe degradation of cellulose was observed using FeCl3 or HCl as catalyst, with glucose yield of more than 20%. This was attributed to the ...
Elimination Reactions
... • E1 reactions occur under essentially neutral conditions with polar solvents, such as water, ethyl alcohol or acetic acid. • E1 reactions can also occur with strong bases, but only at low concentration, about 0.01 to 0.1 M or below. • E2 reactions require strong base in high concentration, about 1 ...
... • E1 reactions occur under essentially neutral conditions with polar solvents, such as water, ethyl alcohol or acetic acid. • E1 reactions can also occur with strong bases, but only at low concentration, about 0.01 to 0.1 M or below. • E2 reactions require strong base in high concentration, about 1 ...
Transition Metal Reagents and Catalysts
... important types of reactions classi®ed mainly by representative substrates such as organic halides and allylic derivatives are surveyed with pertinent examples. For this purpose, I cited many references; these were selected from a much larger number which I have collected over the years. I wanted to ...
... important types of reactions classi®ed mainly by representative substrates such as organic halides and allylic derivatives are surveyed with pertinent examples. For this purpose, I cited many references; these were selected from a much larger number which I have collected over the years. I wanted to ...
Nucleophilic ring opening of aziridines
... stereo and regio-controlled synthesis of 3-amino-4-substituted piperidines in our laboratory recently.21 As shown in Scheme 3, piperidinyl aziridine 6 bearing an N-phosphonate activating group was treated with various Grignard reagents/CuI giving the ring opening products (7 and 8) mainly derived fr ...
... stereo and regio-controlled synthesis of 3-amino-4-substituted piperidines in our laboratory recently.21 As shown in Scheme 3, piperidinyl aziridine 6 bearing an N-phosphonate activating group was treated with various Grignard reagents/CuI giving the ring opening products (7 and 8) mainly derived fr ...
Hofmann–Löffler reaction
The Hofmann–Löffler reaction (also referred to as Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Hofmann reaction, as well as Löffler's method) is an organic reaction in which a cyclic amine 2 (pyrrolidine or, in some cases, piperidine) is generated by thermal or photochemical decomposition of N-halogenated amine 1 in the presence of a strong acid (concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated CF3CO2H). The Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction proceeds via an intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer to a nitrogen-centered radical and is an example of a remote intramolecular free radical C–H functionalization.