Zn(BH4)2/Al2O3: A new synthetic method for the efficient
... method is fast for the reduction of aldehydes, in the case of ketones, the need for large amounts of NaBH4 (eightfold) and the moderate yields of the products are major limitations.5c–d On the other hand, zinc tetrahydroborate, Zn(BH4)2, as a non-conventional hydride transfer agent, has been reporte ...
... method is fast for the reduction of aldehydes, in the case of ketones, the need for large amounts of NaBH4 (eightfold) and the moderate yields of the products are major limitations.5c–d On the other hand, zinc tetrahydroborate, Zn(BH4)2, as a non-conventional hydride transfer agent, has been reporte ...
Transition Metal Catalyzed Selective Oxidation of Sugars and Polyols
... Oxidation reactions of sugars to their corresponding lactones and the selective oxidation of a secondary alcohol of sugar substrates to keto-sugars using transition metal catalysis were investigated. Research results demonstrate that Shvo’s hydrogen-transfer catalyst, [(η4-C4Ph4CO)(CO)2Ru]2, selecti ...
... Oxidation reactions of sugars to their corresponding lactones and the selective oxidation of a secondary alcohol of sugar substrates to keto-sugars using transition metal catalysis were investigated. Research results demonstrate that Shvo’s hydrogen-transfer catalyst, [(η4-C4Ph4CO)(CO)2Ru]2, selecti ...
NAME Chem 204 Spring, 1990 Final Exam FINAL EXAM: Chaps. 1
... NaSH, NaOH, NH3, H2SO4, HX (Cl, Br, I), NaSCN, NaH, KSCN, KCN, NaSH, NaOH, NH3, H2SO4, HX(Cl,Br,or I), NH2OSO3H, I2, Ag2O, Zn(Ag), Zn(Cu), LiX (Cl, Br, I), NaI, NH2OH, NH2-NH2, Raney Ni, Hg+2, CrO3, KMnO4, H2O2, OsO4, B2H6, ZnCl2, DMSO, HMPT, DMF, (C2H5)3N, CH3CH2NH2, Pd, Pt, CuBr, CuCl, CuCrO4, CrO ...
... NaSH, NaOH, NH3, H2SO4, HX (Cl, Br, I), NaSCN, NaH, KSCN, KCN, NaSH, NaOH, NH3, H2SO4, HX(Cl,Br,or I), NH2OSO3H, I2, Ag2O, Zn(Ag), Zn(Cu), LiX (Cl, Br, I), NaI, NH2OH, NH2-NH2, Raney Ni, Hg+2, CrO3, KMnO4, H2O2, OsO4, B2H6, ZnCl2, DMSO, HMPT, DMF, (C2H5)3N, CH3CH2NH2, Pd, Pt, CuBr, CuCl, CuCrO4, CrO ...
Ch. 6 - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
... 2 intermediates and 3 transition states (T.S.) ...
... 2 intermediates and 3 transition states (T.S.) ...
Modern Synthetic Methods for Copper-Mediated C(aryl
... condensation. At this point, there was little deliberation on the mechanistic rationale for these precise reaction conditions, although the outcome is of considerable importance. Chan and co-workers[18] first described a collection of Nand O-arylation transformations under novel reaction conditions ...
... condensation. At this point, there was little deliberation on the mechanistic rationale for these precise reaction conditions, although the outcome is of considerable importance. Chan and co-workers[18] first described a collection of Nand O-arylation transformations under novel reaction conditions ...
Chapter 4 Alcohols and Alkyl Halides
... (1) Thionyl Chloride: We can treat alcohols with boiling thionyl chloride (SOCl2) to convert the alcohol to an alkyl chloride. This method is considerably milder than using concentrated hydrochloric acid and is useful when the molecule contains sensitive functional groups that would react with the s ...
... (1) Thionyl Chloride: We can treat alcohols with boiling thionyl chloride (SOCl2) to convert the alcohol to an alkyl chloride. This method is considerably milder than using concentrated hydrochloric acid and is useful when the molecule contains sensitive functional groups that would react with the s ...
Organic Chemistry II CHM 2211 Sample Exam 2 Answer Key
... When an aldehyde is considered as a group, it is called carbaldehyde group. When a ketone cannot be named as an -one, it is named as an oxo- group. ...
... When an aldehyde is considered as a group, it is called carbaldehyde group. When a ketone cannot be named as an -one, it is named as an oxo- group. ...
Boron Reagents in Process Chemistry: Excellent
... The hydroboration of simple olefins with borane complexes such as DMSB or BTHF results in the formation of trialkylboranes. With more hindered olefins, the hydroboration can be stopped at the mono- or disubstituted organoborane. For example, hydroboration of 2-methyl-2butene proceeds only to the dia ...
... The hydroboration of simple olefins with borane complexes such as DMSB or BTHF results in the formation of trialkylboranes. With more hindered olefins, the hydroboration can be stopped at the mono- or disubstituted organoborane. For example, hydroboration of 2-methyl-2butene proceeds only to the dia ...
Handout 3
... CH3 CH3 OH OH CH3 This is due to 1,2-Methyl shift that is similar to the hydride shift. In 1,2-Methyl shift a methyl group could move to an adjacent carbon atom to increase the stability of intermediate. CH3 CH3 H CH3C CHCH3 carbocation intermediate CH3CCH CH2 o + ve charge on (2 ) carbon atom CH3 C ...
... CH3 CH3 OH OH CH3 This is due to 1,2-Methyl shift that is similar to the hydride shift. In 1,2-Methyl shift a methyl group could move to an adjacent carbon atom to increase the stability of intermediate. CH3 CH3 H CH3C CHCH3 carbocation intermediate CH3CCH CH2 o + ve charge on (2 ) carbon atom CH3 C ...
Document
... the nitroarene radical anion viz: alkyl radicals on the ring, allyl radicals on the nitrogen atom and vinyl radicals on the oxygen atom. Taking these observations into account, Professor Bartoli showed that the alkyl Grignard reaction behaved as a process analogous to the Friedel-Crafts reaction pro ...
... the nitroarene radical anion viz: alkyl radicals on the ring, allyl radicals on the nitrogen atom and vinyl radicals on the oxygen atom. Taking these observations into account, Professor Bartoli showed that the alkyl Grignard reaction behaved as a process analogous to the Friedel-Crafts reaction pro ...
2007 Nov Paper 1 - A Level Tuition
... maximum safe pressure difference between the air inside the tyre and the atmospheric pressure acting on it = 8 – 1.01 = 6.99 bar pressure difference across the wall of the tyre in flight = 5.69 – 0.28 = 5.41 bar Hence, it is not necessary to reduce the air pressure inside the tyre since difference b ...
... maximum safe pressure difference between the air inside the tyre and the atmospheric pressure acting on it = 8 – 1.01 = 6.99 bar pressure difference across the wall of the tyre in flight = 5.69 – 0.28 = 5.41 bar Hence, it is not necessary to reduce the air pressure inside the tyre since difference b ...
Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry
... The simplest hydrocarbon is methane, CH4. This is the simplest member of a series of hydrocarbons. Each successive member of the series has one more carbon atom than the preceding member. This is shown in the table below: ...
... The simplest hydrocarbon is methane, CH4. This is the simplest member of a series of hydrocarbons. Each successive member of the series has one more carbon atom than the preceding member. This is shown in the table below: ...
Reactions
... Alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or ketones using a modified form of CrO3 called PCC for pyridinium chlorochromate, (C5H6NCrO3Cl). It is a milder reagent and if you use it carefully you can stop the reaction at the intermediate ...
... Alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or ketones using a modified form of CrO3 called PCC for pyridinium chlorochromate, (C5H6NCrO3Cl). It is a milder reagent and if you use it carefully you can stop the reaction at the intermediate ...
Transformation of Carbon Dioxide
... formation of a methyl carbonato complex through a reaction of tin methoxide with CO2 was reported in 1967.48,49 The formation of DMC upon thermolysis of methyl (carbonato) tin was first reported in 1975, but the yield was very low; only 10% based on tin.50 Another group later reported similar result ...
... formation of a methyl carbonato complex through a reaction of tin methoxide with CO2 was reported in 1967.48,49 The formation of DMC upon thermolysis of methyl (carbonato) tin was first reported in 1975, but the yield was very low; only 10% based on tin.50 Another group later reported similar result ...
Oxidation
... alkenes. For example in case of substituted cinnamyl alcohols, an electron-withdrawing (p-nitro) group decreases the reaction rate while electron donating (p-methoxy) increase the rate of reactions. ...
... alkenes. For example in case of substituted cinnamyl alcohols, an electron-withdrawing (p-nitro) group decreases the reaction rate while electron donating (p-methoxy) increase the rate of reactions. ...
Carbonyl Condensation Reactions
... acidic, and so they are more readily removed than other α H atoms. As a result, the a-dicarbonyl compound always becomes the enolate component of the aldol reaction. Figure 24.2 shows the steps for the crossed aldol reaction between diethyl malonate and benzaldehyde. In this type of crossed aldol re ...
... acidic, and so they are more readily removed than other α H atoms. As a result, the a-dicarbonyl compound always becomes the enolate component of the aldol reaction. Figure 24.2 shows the steps for the crossed aldol reaction between diethyl malonate and benzaldehyde. In this type of crossed aldol re ...
Drawing Organic Structures Functional Groups Constitutional Isomers
... tertiary amines are all stronger bases than ammonia Note pKa values for conjugate acid Lower pKa indicates weaker base ...
... tertiary amines are all stronger bases than ammonia Note pKa values for conjugate acid Lower pKa indicates weaker base ...
Catalytic Asymmetric Induction. Highly Enantioselective Addition of
... N M R spectra compared to liquid-state spectra makes the interpretation of the spectra cumbersome due to peak overlap. In some cases, such as porphyrins or phthalocyanines, these problems arising in the I3C spectra have been overcome by observing 15N instead of 13C.2-4 This requires considerable syn ...
... N M R spectra compared to liquid-state spectra makes the interpretation of the spectra cumbersome due to peak overlap. In some cases, such as porphyrins or phthalocyanines, these problems arising in the I3C spectra have been overcome by observing 15N instead of 13C.2-4 This requires considerable syn ...
Copper-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions Using Carbon
... Murahashi believed that a-tert-butyldioxyamines 2 were derived from iminium ion intermediates that were trapped by a tert-butyl peroxyl anion. Various peroxides in combination with catalytic amounts of ruthenium provided similar oxygenated products for the tertiary amines. 3 Murahashi and co-workers ...
... Murahashi believed that a-tert-butyldioxyamines 2 were derived from iminium ion intermediates that were trapped by a tert-butyl peroxyl anion. Various peroxides in combination with catalytic amounts of ruthenium provided similar oxygenated products for the tertiary amines. 3 Murahashi and co-workers ...
RUMPLE-DISSERTATION-2014 - SMARTech Home
... I would like to begin by thanking my advisors Dr. Charles Liotta and Dr. Charles Eckert. The opportunity to work with such skilled scientists and kind mentors is a rare one, and I am extremely glad I had the opportunity to learn from them. I have always been in awe of their brilliance (I’m pretty su ...
... I would like to begin by thanking my advisors Dr. Charles Liotta and Dr. Charles Eckert. The opportunity to work with such skilled scientists and kind mentors is a rare one, and I am extremely glad I had the opportunity to learn from them. I have always been in awe of their brilliance (I’m pretty su ...
Full-Text PDF
... methods for the synthesis of such compounds have been developed. Fluorination of fluoroformates with SF4 leads to aliphatic trifluoromethyl ethers. For instance, methyl(trifluoromethoxy) acetate was obtained by this method [11]. Nucleophilic substitution of benzylic halogen or α-halogen atoms in ace ...
... methods for the synthesis of such compounds have been developed. Fluorination of fluoroformates with SF4 leads to aliphatic trifluoromethyl ethers. For instance, methyl(trifluoromethoxy) acetate was obtained by this method [11]. Nucleophilic substitution of benzylic halogen or α-halogen atoms in ace ...
Thermodynamics and kinetics of the hydrolysis of atmospherically
... ensure solution homogeneity, an aliquot of the reaction mixture was loaded into an NMR tube and NMR spectral collection was started. The reaction time was recorded as the ending time of each 30 s NMR data collection period. Depending on the rate of reaction for the various species, the solutions wer ...
... ensure solution homogeneity, an aliquot of the reaction mixture was loaded into an NMR tube and NMR spectral collection was started. The reaction time was recorded as the ending time of each 30 s NMR data collection period. Depending on the rate of reaction for the various species, the solutions wer ...
For Peer Review Only
... Vegetable oils can be epoxidized (reaction A, Table 1), leading to interesting building blocks for biobased chemistry 21. The most currently used method to epoxidize vegetable oil is based on peracetic acid formed in situ from reaction between acetic acid ...
... Vegetable oils can be epoxidized (reaction A, Table 1), leading to interesting building blocks for biobased chemistry 21. The most currently used method to epoxidize vegetable oil is based on peracetic acid formed in situ from reaction between acetic acid ...
The story of V
... do not have left reactive groups in the matrix: no reactive end groups (-OH, -COOH), no unreacted carboncarbon double bonds (= unsaturated, (vinyl group = ethenyl group = unsaturated end-group)). Vinyl-Ester (VE) systems, like most resin systems, shrink during the curing (polymerisation). The volume ...
... do not have left reactive groups in the matrix: no reactive end groups (-OH, -COOH), no unreacted carboncarbon double bonds (= unsaturated, (vinyl group = ethenyl group = unsaturated end-group)). Vinyl-Ester (VE) systems, like most resin systems, shrink during the curing (polymerisation). The volume ...
Hofmann–Löffler reaction
The Hofmann–Löffler reaction (also referred to as Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Hofmann reaction, as well as Löffler's method) is an organic reaction in which a cyclic amine 2 (pyrrolidine or, in some cases, piperidine) is generated by thermal or photochemical decomposition of N-halogenated amine 1 in the presence of a strong acid (concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated CF3CO2H). The Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction proceeds via an intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer to a nitrogen-centered radical and is an example of a remote intramolecular free radical C–H functionalization.