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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
I.
DEFINITION
A. Organic compound
1. Compounds containing a carbon atom attached to a hydrogen atom
2. Compounds that do not carbon with attached hydrogen are inorganic molecules
B. Hydrocarbons
1. An organic compound whose molecules consist entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms
C. Aliphatic
1. Hydrocarbons and their oxygen or nitrogen derivatives that are not aromatic are called
aliphatic compounds
D. Cyclic
1. Aliphatic compound with a ring structure
E. Aromatic
1. Benzene or contains benzene ring
II. BOND FORMATION
A. Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell
1. Therefore it will form 4 covalent bonds
III. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AND CLASSES OF ORGANIC MOLECULES
A. Hydroxyl
1. Oxygen and hydrogen covalently bonded
2. - OH
3. Alcohols
a) An molecule with a hydroxyl group attached to a carbon
b) -R-CH2OH
B. Carboxyl
1. A carbon atom with a double bonded oxygen and hydroxyl group
2. - COOH
3. Organic acids
a) An molecule with a double-bonded oxygen and a hydroxyl group attached to a carbon
b) -R-COOH
C. Amino
1. Nitrogen with two covalently attached hydrogens
2. - NH2
3. Amine
a) An molecule with an amine group attached to a carbon
b) -R-CNH2
D. Sulfhydryl
1. Sulfur with two covalently attached hydrogens
2. - SH2
E. Others
1. Aldehydes
a) An molecule with a double-bounded oxygen attached to a terminal carbon
b) -R-CH2O
2. Ketone
a) An molecule with a double-bonded oxygen attached to a carbon attached to two other
carbons
b) -R-CRO