Download ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
• Always contains Carbon and Hydrogen
– Methane: CH4
– Benzene: C6H6
– Ethyl alcohol: C2H5OH
– Acetic acid: CH3COOH
• Always covalent bonding
– two or more atoms share electrons to form a
molecule
• Associated with living organisms
• Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Hydrogen
combine in certain ways to form organic
molecules that make up living things.
Hydrocarbons
Contain Hydrogen and Carbon
• Propane: C3H8
• Ethane: C2H6
• Methane: CH4
Each type of atom forms a certain
number of bond
Carbon
4 bonds
C
Hydrogen
1 bond
H
Oxygen
• 2 bonds
O
Nitrogen
• 3 bonds
N
• Often another atom or group of atoms
replaces the hydrocarbon molecule of an
organic molecule. These substitute
groups are called Functional Groups.
Group Name
Molecule Type
Formula
Structure
Hydroxyl
Alcohol
-OH
-O-H
Group Name
Molecule Type
Formula
Structure
Hydroxyl
Alcohol
-OH
-O-H
Carboxyl
Acid
-COOH
O
-C-O-H
Group Name
Molecule Type
Formula
Structure
Hydroxyl
Alcohol
-OH
-O-H
Carboxyl
Acid
-COOH
O
-C-O-H
Amino
Amine
-NH2
H
-N
H
Group Name
Molecule Type
Formula
Structure
Hydroxyl
Alcohol
-OH
-O-H
Carboxyl
Acid
-COOH
Amino
Amine
-NH2
Aldehyde
Aldehyde
-CHO
O
-C-O-H
H
-N
H
O
-C-H